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Equine Medicine and Surgery > Lecture 16: Equine Foot > Flashcards

Lecture 16: Equine Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important structure in regards to lameness

A

Foot

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2
Q

80% of forelimb lameness originates distal to the ___

A

Carpus

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3
Q

Horses should have their feet trim and/or shoe every __weeks

A

6 weeks

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4
Q

Heel pain originates from….

A

One or more of the bony and soft tissue structures in heel area

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5
Q

what wrong here

A

Tear in DDFT

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6
Q

Horse presents with heel pain, you do a palmar digital nerve block and suddenly they are lame on other front limb. What is likely cause

A

Navicular syndrome- switching lameness

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7
Q

What radiographic changes are associated with navicular syndrome

A
  1. Synovial invaginations- lollipops
  2. Rough flexor surface
  3. Elongated navicular bone
  4. Loss of corticomeduallary junction
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8
Q

What is wrong here

A

navicular syndrome- synovial invaginations- lollipops

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9
Q

What are some causes of navicular syndrome

A
  1. Low heel, long toe
  2. Wear and tear
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10
Q

Which normal vs abnormal and what is wrong

A

Left: broken back hoof pastern axis
Right: normal

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11
Q

What is a typical history for navicular syndrome

A

Bilateral lameness, chronic, tripping, shifting limb lameness

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12
Q

How do you diagnose navicular syndrome

A
  1. Lameness exam
  2. Hoof testers
  3. Normal digital pulses
  4. Exacerbated in tight circles
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13
Q

What part of foot is landing first with navicular syndrome

A

Toe first

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14
Q

What block do you perform to test for navicular syndrome

A

Palmar digital nerve block

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15
Q

What wrong here and what is it associated with

A

elongated navicular bone—> navicular syndrome

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16
Q

What is wrong here and what is it associated with

A

Loss of corticomedullary junction—> navicular syndrome

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17
Q

What wrong here and what is it associated with

A

Roughened flexor surface—> navicular syndrome

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18
Q

What do you see on ultrasound for navicular syndrome

A
  1. Effusive navicular bursa
  2. Enlarged lobe of DDFT
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19
Q

MRI allows good visualization of what

A

Soft tissue and bones, fluid in bones and soft tissue

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20
Q

What modality for navicular syndrome leads to a cure and decreases odds of doing a neurectomy

A

MRI- because we can identify problem more specifically

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21
Q

what wrong

A

Coffin joint effusion

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22
Q

What wrong

A

Navicular bursa effusion

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23
Q

What wrong

A

edema in navicular bone- likely due to bone bruise

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24
Q

What wrong

A

DDFT tendonitis

25
What wrong
DDFT tendonitis
26
What wrong
Impar ligament desmitis
27
What does the impar ligament connect
Navicular bone to P3
28
How do you treat navicular bone syndrome
1. Trimming/shoeing (most important) 2. Systemic-NSAIDS 3. Intraarticular/intrabursal injections 4. Surgery
29
What is required with all treatments for navicular syndrome
1. Trimming/shoeing Elevate heel, fix breakover back, sole support
30
What NSAIDS are used for navicular syndrome
Phenylbutazone, firocoxib
31
What is isoxsurpine used to tx and what does it do
Navicular syndrome, causes blood vessel dilation
32
What can you inject into joint and bursa for navicular syndrome
Corticosteroids (MPA) and hyaluronic acid
33
What surgery is performed for navicular syndrome
Palmar digital neurectomy
34
What is prognosis for navicular syndrome
1. Good if caught early, minimal bone changes 2. Poor of long standing or severe= navicular bone changes, cysts, roughened flexor surface, adhesions of DDFT to navicular bone
35
What are some causes of subsolar abscesses
1. Wet/dry environment 2. Sole bruise 3. Laminitis 4. Poor hoof care
36
What is typical history for subsolar abscess
1. Acute onset- non-weightbearing or toe tapping 2. Unilateral 3. Severe lameness 4. +/- lower limb swelling
37
What does lameness exam look like for subsolar abscess
1. Increased digital pulses 2. +/- edema 3. Hoof tester positive 4. Soft or drainage area 5. Coronary band drainage
38
What wrong
subsolar abscess
39
What wrong
Subsolar abscess
40
What is treatment for subsolar abscess
1. Pull shoe 2. Open area and follow black spots 3. Establish drainage 4. Clean and cover
41
What are the owner instructions for subsolar abscess
1. Soak foot daily for 20 minutes in warm epsom salt water for 7 days 2. Apply poultice wrap 3. Stall rest 10 days 4. 10 minute daily hand walk 5. Phenylbutazone 6. Apply shoe with pad
42
What is prognosis for subsolar abscess
Great, unless osteomyelitis occurs
43
What is history for penetrating wounds to sole
1. Acute onset 2. Single foot 3. Lameness none to severe
44
Should owner remove nail or take it out
Leave in, so can X-ray and see what structures are affected
45
What does lameness exam look like for penetrating wounds to sole
1. Increased digital pulses 2. Edema
46
Where is the worst spot to get a nail in sole
Near frog because near important structures like navicular bone and bursa and DDFT
47
What is tx for penetrating wounds to sole
1. Debridement 2. Establish drainage 3. Treat structures involved 4. Antibiotics
48
What is surgery for penetrating wounds to sole
Street nail procedure- cut hole as deep as nail, lavage, and antibiotics
49
What is prognosis for penetrating wounds to sole
Depends on structures involved, closer to the frog is worse
50
What are some causes of white line disease
1. Unhealthy hoof care 2. Poor environment 3. Poor hoof structure 4. Anaerobic bacteria
51
What is history for white line disease
Chronic onset, +/- lameness
52
How do you dx white line disease
1. Visual inspection 2. +/- hoof testers 3. Lameness 4. Increased Digital pulses
53
What is treatment for white line disease
1. Debridement 2. Hoof wall resection- expose anaerobic bacteria to O2 3. Topical medications- formalin, methylene blue, copper sulfate 4. Identify cause- shoeing/trimming, environment
54
What are some topical medications used for white line disease
1. Formalin 2. Methylene blue 3. Copper sulfate
55
What syndrome is the most common cause of chronic bilateral forelimb lameness
Navicular syndrome
56
What two injuries to the foot are associated with bilateral lameness
1. Navicular syndrome 2. Laminitis
57
What foot injuries are associated with unilateral lameness (4)
1. Subsolar abscess 2. Penetrating wound to foot 3. P3 fractures 4. Keratoma
58
Are the following acute or chronic onset: laminitis, subsolar abscesses, penetrating wound to sole, p3 fractures
Acute
59
Are the following acute or chronic onset: navicular syndrome, teratoma, quittor
Chronic

Equine Medicine and Surgery (27 decks)

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