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Equine Medicine and Surgery > Lecture 16: Equine Foot > Flashcards

Lecture 16: Equine Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important structure in regards to lameness

A

Foot

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2
Q

80% of forelimb lameness originates distal to the ___

A

Carpus

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3
Q

Horses should have their feet trim and/or shoe every __weeks

A

6 weeks

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4
Q

Heel pain originates from….

A

One or more of the bony and soft tissue structures in heel area

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5
Q

what wrong here

A

Tear in DDFT

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6
Q

Horse presents with heel pain, you do a palmar digital nerve block and suddenly they are lame on other front limb. What is likely cause

A

Navicular syndrome- switching lameness

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7
Q

What radiographic changes are associated with navicular syndrome

A
  1. Synovial invaginations- lollipops
  2. Rough flexor surface
  3. Elongated navicular bone
  4. Loss of corticomeduallary junction
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8
Q

What is wrong here

A

navicular syndrome- synovial invaginations- lollipops

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9
Q

What are some causes of navicular syndrome

A
  1. Low heel, long toe
  2. Wear and tear
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10
Q

Which normal vs abnormal and what is wrong

A

Left: broken back hoof pastern axis
Right: normal

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11
Q

What is a typical history for navicular syndrome

A

Bilateral lameness, chronic, tripping, shifting limb lameness

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12
Q

How do you diagnose navicular syndrome

A
  1. Lameness exam
  2. Hoof testers
  3. Normal digital pulses
  4. Exacerbated in tight circles
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13
Q

What part of foot is landing first with navicular syndrome

A

Toe first

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14
Q

What block do you perform to test for navicular syndrome

A

Palmar digital nerve block

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15
Q

What wrong here and what is it associated with

A

elongated navicular bone—> navicular syndrome

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16
Q

What is wrong here and what is it associated with

A

Loss of corticomedullary junction—> navicular syndrome

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17
Q

What wrong here and what is it associated with

A

Roughened flexor surface—> navicular syndrome

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18
Q

What do you see on ultrasound for navicular syndrome

A
  1. Effusive navicular bursa
  2. Enlarged lobe of DDFT
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19
Q

MRI allows good visualization of what

A

Soft tissue and bones, fluid in bones and soft tissue

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20
Q

What modality for navicular syndrome leads to a cure and decreases odds of doing a neurectomy

A

MRI- because we can identify problem more specifically

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21
Q

what wrong

A

Coffin joint effusion

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22
Q

What wrong

A

Navicular bursa effusion

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23
Q

What wrong

A

edema in navicular bone- likely due to bone bruise

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24
Q

What wrong

A

DDFT tendonitis

25
Q

What wrong

A

DDFT tendonitis

26
Q

What wrong

A

Impar ligament desmitis

27
Q

What does the impar ligament connect

A

Navicular bone to P3

28
Q

How do you treat navicular bone syndrome

A
  1. Trimming/shoeing (most important)
  2. Systemic-NSAIDS
  3. Intraarticular/intrabursal injections
  4. Surgery
29
Q

What is required with all treatments for navicular syndrome

A
  1. Trimming/shoeing
    Elevate heel, fix breakover back, sole support
30
Q

What NSAIDS are used for navicular syndrome

A

Phenylbutazone, firocoxib

31
Q

What is isoxsurpine used to tx and what does it do

A

Navicular syndrome, causes blood vessel dilation

32
Q

What can you inject into joint and bursa for navicular syndrome

A

Corticosteroids (MPA) and hyaluronic acid

33
Q

What surgery is performed for navicular syndrome

A

Palmar digital neurectomy

34
Q

What is prognosis for navicular syndrome

A
  1. Good if caught early, minimal bone changes
  2. Poor of long standing or severe= navicular bone changes, cysts, roughened flexor surface, adhesions of DDFT to navicular bone
35
Q

What are some causes of subsolar abscesses

A
  1. Wet/dry environment
  2. Sole bruise
  3. Laminitis
  4. Poor hoof care
36
Q

What is typical history for subsolar abscess

A
  1. Acute onset- non-weightbearing or toe tapping
  2. Unilateral
  3. Severe lameness
  4. +/- lower limb swelling
37
Q

What does lameness exam look like for subsolar abscess

A
  1. Increased digital pulses
  2. +/- edema
  3. Hoof tester positive
  4. Soft or drainage area
  5. Coronary band drainage
38
Q

What wrong

A

subsolar abscess

39
Q

What wrong

A

Subsolar abscess

40
Q

What is treatment for subsolar abscess

A
  1. Pull shoe
  2. Open area and follow black spots
  3. Establish drainage
  4. Clean and cover
41
Q

What are the owner instructions for subsolar abscess

A
  1. Soak foot daily for 20 minutes in warm epsom salt water for 7 days
  2. Apply poultice wrap
  3. Stall rest 10 days
  4. 10 minute daily hand walk
  5. Phenylbutazone
  6. Apply shoe with pad
42
Q

What is prognosis for subsolar abscess

A

Great, unless osteomyelitis occurs

43
Q

What is history for penetrating wounds to sole

A
  1. Acute onset
  2. Single foot
  3. Lameness none to severe
44
Q

Should owner remove nail or take it out

A

Leave in, so can X-ray and see what structures are affected

45
Q

What does lameness exam look like for penetrating wounds to sole

A
  1. Increased digital pulses
  2. Edema
46
Q

Where is the worst spot to get a nail in sole

A

Near frog because near important structures like navicular bone and bursa and DDFT

47
Q

What is tx for penetrating wounds to sole

A
  1. Debridement
  2. Establish drainage
  3. Treat structures involved
  4. Antibiotics
48
Q

What is surgery for penetrating wounds to sole

A

Street nail procedure- cut hole as deep as nail, lavage, and antibiotics

49
Q

What is prognosis for penetrating wounds to sole

A

Depends on structures involved, closer to the frog is worse

50
Q

What are some causes of white line disease

A
  1. Unhealthy hoof care
  2. Poor environment
  3. Poor hoof structure
  4. Anaerobic bacteria
51
Q

What is history for white line disease

A

Chronic onset, +/- lameness

52
Q

How do you dx white line disease

A
  1. Visual inspection
  2. +/- hoof testers
  3. Lameness
  4. Increased Digital pulses
53
Q

What is treatment for white line disease

A
  1. Debridement
  2. Hoof wall resection- expose anaerobic bacteria to O2
  3. Topical medications- formalin, methylene blue, copper sulfate
  4. Identify cause- shoeing/trimming, environment
54
Q

What are some topical medications used for white line disease

A
  1. Formalin
  2. Methylene blue
  3. Copper sulfate
55
Q

What syndrome is the most common cause of chronic bilateral forelimb lameness

A

Navicular syndrome

56
Q

What two injuries to the foot are associated with bilateral lameness

A
  1. Navicular syndrome
  2. Laminitis
57
Q

What foot injuries are associated with unilateral lameness (4)

A
  1. Subsolar abscess
  2. Penetrating wound to foot
  3. P3 fractures
  4. Keratoma
58
Q

Are the following acute or chronic onset: laminitis, subsolar abscesses, penetrating wound to sole, p3 fractures

A

Acute

59
Q

Are the following acute or chronic onset: navicular syndrome, teratoma, quittor

A

Chronic

Equine Medicine and Surgery (27 decks)

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