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Equine Medicine and Surgery > Lecture 1: Equine Dentistry > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Equine Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the triadan number system for right upper. Then just list what hundreds number corresponds with other sections

A

101-103- incisors
104- canine
105- 1st premolar/wolf tooth
106-108- 2nd-4th premolars
109-111- 3 molars

Left upper: 200’s
Left lower: 300’s
Right lower: 400’s

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2
Q

What are hundreds used for naming deciduous teeth in each section

A

Right upper: 500
Left upper: 600
Left lower: 700
Right lower: 800

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3
Q

What type of teeth do horses have

A

Continually erupting hypsodont teeth

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4
Q

How much do young horses teeth erupt/year

A

4mm

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5
Q

What 3 things are teeth composed of

A

Enamel, cementum, and dentine

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6
Q

What is the role of enamel

A

Keep teeth strong

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7
Q

What is the softest dental tissue

A

Cementum

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8
Q

What structure of the tooth forms major structural component of equine crown

A

Cementum

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9
Q

What covers each pulp. Color is dark brown

A

Dentine

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10
Q

When does the first deciduous incisor erupt

A

8 days

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11
Q

When does the second deciduous incisor erupt

A

8 weeks

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12
Q

When does third deciduous incisor erupt

A

8 months

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13
Q

What does it mean for a tooth to be “in wear”

A

Occlusal surfaces are touching

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14
Q

When does first and second deciduous teeth become “in wear”

A

1 year

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15
Q

When does third deciduous tooth become “in wear”

A

2 years

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16
Q

When do adult central incisors erupt and when are they “in wear”

A

Erupt: 2.5 years
In wear- 3 years

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17
Q

When do adult middle incisors erupt and when are they “in wear”

A

Erupt: 3.5 years
In wear- 4 years

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18
Q

When do adult corner incisor teeth erupt and when are they in wear

A

Erupt: 4.5 years
In wear- 5 years

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19
Q

Owner calls for concern of these “bumps” on mandible of young horse. What are they

A

Eruption bumps- normal

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20
Q

When do deciduous premolars erupt

A

At birth or within first week

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21
Q

When do adult 2nd/06’s premolars erupt

A

3yrs

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22
Q

When do adult 3rd/07’s premolars erupt

A

3yrs

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23
Q

When do adult 4th/08’s premolars erupt

A

4 years

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24
Q

When do 1st/09’s molars erupt

A

1 year

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25
Q

When do 2nd/10’s molars erupt

A

2 years

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26
Q

When do 3rd/11’s molars erupt

A

3.5 years

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27
Q

When does galvaynes groove appear

A

10 years old

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28
Q

When does galvaynes groove stretch down entire tooth

A

20 years

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29
Q

When does galvaynes groove disappear

A

30 years

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30
Q

Age the following teeth 1-6

A
  1. Less than 10 years
  2. 10 years
  3. ~15 years
  4. 20 years
  5. 25 years
  6. 30 years
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31
Q

When do cups disappear from lower incisors

A

8 years old

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32
Q

When does the dental star appear on incisors

A

8 years

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33
Q

What is the only age identifying structure seen in horse after 15-18 years

A

Dental star

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34
Q

What is the shape of young teeth

A

Transverse

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35
Q

What is the shape of a 10yr old horses teeth

A

Round

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36
Q

What is the shape of a 15yr old horses teeth

A

Triangle

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37
Q

What is the shape of a 20yr old horses teeth

A

Rectangular

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38
Q

What should you check for in a sedated dental exam

A
  1. Muscle symmetry- chewing on one side can be a result of a pathology on other side
  2. Ansiognathic- check grind
  3. Smell of breath
  4. Diasthema, caries, fractures
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39
Q

What is the normal % of tooth overlap/coverage when checking grind

A

75%

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40
Q

What class of drugs is used in standing sedated procedures

A

Alpha-2 agonists

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41
Q

How long does xylazine take to have effect

A

10 minutes

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42
Q

What is the dose for xyalzine in 1000lbs horse

A

150mg/horse ~ 1.5cc

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43
Q

How long does it take for romifidine to take effect

A

15 minutes

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44
Q

What is the dose of romifidine in 1000lbs horse

A

15mg/horse ~1.5cc

45
Q

How long does detomidine take to take effect

A

20 minutes

46
Q

What is the dose of detomidine in 1000lbs horse

A

5mg~0.5cc

47
Q

What is the dose of butorphanol in 1000lb horse

A

3-5mg~ 0.3-0.5cc

48
Q

Which drug is really good at settling the tongue

A

Butorphanol

49
Q

What is a grade 0 dental caries

A

Normal, can have cemental hypoplasia

50
Q

What is 1st degree dental caries

A

Cementum only thing affected- varies from small pitting to extensive destruction

51
Q

What is 2nd degree dental caries

A

Extends beyond cementum to affect adjacent enamel

52
Q

What is 3rd degree dental caries

A

Extends beyond cementum to affect enamel and dentine

53
Q

What is 4th degree dental caries

A

Affect the integrity of the tooth (ex: fracture/hole)

54
Q

what is degree of dental caries

A

4th degree

55
Q

What is degree of dental caries

A

0 degree

56
Q

what is degree of dental caries

A

Grade 3

57
Q

What is degree of dental caries

A

grade 1

58
Q

What is degree of dental carie

A

grade 2

59
Q

What number are the wolf teeth

A

105/205

60
Q

Why do we remove wolf teeth

A

Typically irritable if wearing bit

61
Q

How do we remove wolf teeth- instruments

A
  1. Local block
  2. Instruments: burgess extractor, elevator, dental forceps
62
Q

How do you float performance teeth

A

Hardly need work, just take off sharp points and create a bit seat

63
Q

What is a bit seat

A

Rounding of second premolars (106/206, 306/406)

64
Q

How often should young horses teeth be floated

A

Every 6-12 months

65
Q

How long should “natural mouths” and geriatric horses be floated

A

Every 12-26 months

66
Q

What is the goal of floating geriatric teeth

A

Don’t try and fix, just make comfortable and ensure excellent grind ~75%

67
Q

what pathology is this? What is specific name for this horse. Do we treat?

A

Diagonal mouth, specifically 100/300 diagonal mouth

Treat if malocclusion

68
Q

What are these two pathologies

A

Left: ventral curvature
Right: dorsal curvature

69
Q

What is overjet/underjet

A

Partial tooth

70
Q

What is overbite/underbite

A

Whole tooth

71
Q

what pathology is this

A

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EORTH)

72
Q

What causes EORTH

A

Absorption of alveolar bone and excessive production of cementum

73
Q

How do you treat EORTH

A

Remove teeth

74
Q

What pathology is this? Who is it most common in?

A

Wave mouth-molar pathology most common in geriatrics

75
Q

What is most common molar pathology in geriatrics

A

Wave mouth

76
Q

What pathology is this? How do we manage this?

A

Excessive transverse ridges
Float every 6 months

77
Q

What pathology is this? What is cause?

A

Hooks, due to offset arcards

78
Q

What are the most common teeth to get hooks in molars

A

106/206, 311/411

79
Q

What pathology is this? What is cause?

A

molar ramps, due to offset arcades

80
Q

What teeth most commonly get molar ramps

A

306/406

81
Q

What is oligodontia

A

Missing teeth due to periodontal disease or congenital

82
Q

What is polyodontia

A

Extra teeth

83
Q

What pathology is this? What is cause? How do we manage this?

A

step mouth- result of missing or maloccluded opposing tooth so tooth continues to grow into open space

manage: float every 6-12 months

84
Q

What pathology is this?

A

Shear mouth

85
Q

What is this pathology

A

Diastema

86
Q

How do you treat horse with closed diastema

A

Open so food doesn’t get trapped

87
Q

What could result from diastemas

A

Periodontitis due to food impacted in there

88
Q

What is a patent infundibulum. What is tx

A

A non-cement filled invagination in maxillary cheek teeth.

Normally should fill with cement

Tx: remove tooth

89
Q

What is an uncomplicated tooth fracture? What do you have to worry about? How do you manage

A

No pulp exposure.
Worry about decay and periodontitis
Can manage conservatively

90
Q

What is a complicated tooth fracture? What do you have to worry about? How do you manage?

A

Pulp exposure, worry about pulpitis

If found in 5-10 days can perform endodontics, after 10 days need to remove tooth

91
Q

What is wrong here

A

Oligodontia

92
Q

What is wrong here

A

tooth root abscess

93
Q

What does infra-orbital block, block

A

Maxillary procedures 06-09

94
Q

How do you perform infraborital block

A

Insert needle along infraorbital canal, inject 3-10cc slowly

95
Q

What does maxillary block, block

A

Entire maxillary arcade

96
Q

How do you perform maxillary block

A

Insert needle 3-5cm perpendicular below the lateral canthus, 1cm ventral to zygomatic arch and inject 10-20cc slowly

97
Q

What are some complications of maxillary block

A

Horners, hemorrhage

98
Q

What does the middle mental block, block

A

Lower incisors

99
Q

How do you perform middle mental block

A

Insert into mental foramen, elevate depressor lab II inferiors is muscle and inject 3cc

100
Q

What does inferior alveolar block, block

A

Entire mandibular arcade

101
Q

What is the extra-oral approach for inferior alveolar block

A

12.5cm spinal needle from ventral medial ramus directed along bone towards lateral canthus and inject 10cc

102
Q

What is the inta-oral approach for inferior alveolar block

A

Butterfly catheter 10-12cc inserted with forceps into the mucosa caudal to the 11 medial to the ramus and inject 10-12cc

103
Q

What are the 3 commonly used blocking agents

A
  1. Lidocaine
  2. Mepivacaine
  3. Bupiviciane
104
Q

What is mechanism of action of lidocaine as blocking agent

A

Prolongs inactivation of fast voltage fated sodium channels in neuronal cell membrane

105
Q

How long does it take for lidocaine to work and how long does it last

A

Works within 4 minutes, lasts for 30 minutes-3hrs

106
Q

How does bupivicaine work

A

Binds to intracellular portion of voltage gated sodium channels and blocks sodium influx into nerve cells, prevent depolarization

107
Q

How long does it take for bupivicaine to work and how long does it last

A

Works in 15 minutes, lasts 2-4hrs

108
Q

What tools are needed for a standing field oral extraction

A
  1. Molar separators
  2. Extractors
  3. Narrow sharp alveolar luxators
  4. Levers

Equine Medicine and Surgery (9 decks)

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