Lecture 6 Flashcards
Energy can be stored within _______________
so that it can be used at a later time
chemical bonds
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy is not created nor destroyed,
simply transformed
Why cells cannot use heat to do work?
But cells are too small to be able to use heat
to do work, instead they rely on the energy
found in chemical bonds
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Disorder
(entropy) in the universe is continuously
increasing
which is more stable order or disorder?
disorder
what is the free energy?
the energy available to
do work.
what is called the reaction where the energy in the bonds of products is lower than energy in bonds of
reactants
exergonic
what is called the reaction where the energy in bonds of products is higher than
those of reactants
endergonic
what does Exergonic reactions will happen
spontaneously
they increase disorder and endergonic will not, as they increase order.
what is activation energy?
the energy required to
destabilize existing bonds in order to start a
chemical reaction
what are the two things that can be done to speed up a reaction?
add energy to it, lower the activation energy
How does catalysts function?
Catalysts function by stabilizing the
intermediate products or transition state of
the reaction, in doing so they speed up the
reaction.
what are enzymes?
Enzymes are macromolecules (generally
proteins, but sometimes RNA) that catalyze
the biological reactions within the cell
what does enzymes (3 things)?
Orienting substrates in the the proper fashion
• Bringing reactants close together
• Stressing particular bonds in the molecules
what does multienzyme complexes allow (3 things)?
The efficient delivery of products to the next
enzyme
– Prevention of unwanted side reactions
– Reactions can be controlled as one unit
