Lecture 2 Flashcards
Functional groups?
chemical groups found in macromolecules that affect the molecular function and are directly involved in their chemical rxns
name all functional groups and properties
Hydroxyl (OH - alcohol) polar and hydrogen bond with water
Carbonyl (ketone within and aldehyde)
Carboxyl (carboxylic acid) like acid donate h+ polar
Amino group (amines) like a base pick up h+
Sulfhydryl (SH- thiols) stabilize protein structure, cysteines,
Phosphate group (produce energy)
methyl group (CH3) hydrophobic
What is a structural isomer?
same molecular formula but have different connectivities
molecule made up of several similar subunits
polymer
subunit of a polymer
monomer
structural protein found in hair and nails
keratin
humans can synthesize ____ on 20 amino acids, the ___ we cannot synthesize are called __________
11, 9, essential
structure of amino acid
amino group, carboxylic acid and R group (side chain)
dehyration reaction
removing water to form a polymer (synthesis)
hydrolysis reaction
use water to break a bond (recover monomer from polymer)
Primary structure
the sequence of amino acids found within the protein
bond between each amino acid
polypeptide bond
Secondary structure
the amino acid backbones (not hte R group) interactions
result of secondary structure
alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets
Tertiary structures
final globular structure of the protein which determines the function.