Lecture 2

Question 1

Functional groups?

Answer 1

chemical groups found in macromolecules that affect the molecular function and are directly involved in their chemical rxns

Question 2

name all functional groups and properties

Answer 2

Hydroxyl (OH - alcohol) polar and hydrogen bond with water
Carbonyl (ketone within and aldehyde)
Carboxyl (carboxylic acid) like acid donate h+ polar
Amino group (amines) like a base pick up h+
Sulfhydryl (SH- thiols) stabilize protein structure, cysteines,
Phosphate group (produce energy)
methyl group (CH3) hydrophobic

Question 3

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 3

same molecular formula but have different connectivities

Question 4

molecule made up of several similar subunits

Answer 4

polymer

Question 5

subunit of a polymer

Answer 5

monomer

Question 6

structural protein found in hair and nails

Answer 6

keratin

Question 7

humans can synthesize ____ on 20 amino acids, the ___ we cannot synthesize are called __________

Answer 7

11, 9, essential

Question 8

structure of amino acid

Answer 8

amino group, carboxylic acid and R group (side chain)

Question 9

dehyration reaction

Answer 9

removing water to form a polymer (synthesis)

Question 10

hydrolysis reaction

Answer 10

use water to break a bond (recover monomer from polymer)

Question 11

Primary structure

Answer 11

the sequence of amino acids found within the protein

Question 12

bond between each amino acid

Answer 12

polypeptide bond

Question 13

Secondary structure

Answer 13

the amino acid backbones (not hte R group) interactions

Question 14

result of secondary structure

Answer 14

alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets

Question 15

Tertiary structures

Answer 15

final globular structure of the protein which determines the function.

Question 16

interactions between R group

Answer 16

hydrogen bonds (polar)
disulfide bridge (cysteine)
ionic bonds (charged)
van der Wall and hydrophobic exclusions (non polar)

Question 17

Quaternary structure

Answer 17

some protein requires several individual polypeptide to function completely

Question 18

denaturationn

Answer 18

lost of structure = lost of function

Question 19

patterns present in proteins

Answer 19

motifs

Question 20

regions of large proteins

Answer 20

domains