Lecture 16

Question 1

What is the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis?

Answer 1

gene expression

Question 2

What are the 2 stages of gene expression?

Answer 2

transcription and translation

Question 3

What is transcription?

Answer 3

the synthesis of RNA using information in DNA

Question 4

What is translation?

Answer 4

the synthesis of a polypeptide using information in the mRNA

Question 5

Where does translation happen in prokaryotes?

Answer 5

cytoplasm, it can begin before transcription is finished

Question 6

What is the concept that cells are governed by cellular chain of commands?

Answer 6

central dogma

Question 7

What is the series of nonoverlapping three-nucleotides words?

Answer 7

triplet code

Question 8

What is the sequence where RNA polymerase attaches?

Answer 8

promoter (including the TATA box)

Question 9

What mediate the binding of RNA polymerase?

Answer 9

transcription factors

Question 10

What is the first stage of transcription?

Answer 10

initiation

Question 11

What is the second stage of transcription?

Answer 11

Elongation

Question 12

What is the last stage of transcriotion?

Answer 12

termination

Question 13

What is the complete assembly of transcription factors and DNA polymerase 2 called?

Answer 13

transcription initiation complex

Question 14

In eukaryotes what is attached at the 5’ end? what about the 3’ end?

Answer 14

5’ cap and the poly-a tail

Question 15

What are the functions of those modifications?

Answer 15

• facilitate export
• protect mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes
• help ribosomes to attach at 5’ end

Question 16

What removes introns and joins exons?

Answer 16

RNA splicing

Question 17

catalytic RNA molecules that function as enzymes and can splice RNA

Answer 17

ribozymes