Lecture 20 Flashcards
In what fields is biotechnology used?
forensics, food industry, medicine, pharmacology, materials engineering, etc.
What does biotechnology uses?
restriction enzymes
What are restriction enzymes?
a protein found in a bacteria : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhd_fBPyzSM
What does the restriction enzyme do?
it cuts at a specific DNA sequence called restriction sites., they each recognize their own specific restriction site
What are the two ways they can cut?
Blunt and Sticky
What does gel electrophoresis do?
it separates molecules based on their charge and their size/shape
How does gel electrophoresis work?
it uses an electrical current on the agarose gel, where this gel acts like a filter and slows down large molecules. DNA is negatively charged and always migrates towards positive electrodes.
The mutation of a single nucleotide can cause what?
it may destroy or create the site (CTGCAC or CTTAAC) and ale the length of the corresponding fragment, this is called restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
What does the term polymorphism means?
it refers to the slight differences between individuals, in base pair sequences of common genes
What is precisely RFLP?
it is the detection of the change in length of the restriction fragment.
On what does DNA fingerprinting relies on?
it relies on the genetic differences between individuals
www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLpalVirlTk
