Lecture 6 Flashcards
Training
Systematic acqusition of skills, concepts or attitudes resulting in improved performance in another enviroment.
Learning
-Foundation of training.
-Relatively permannet change in behavior, human capabilities produced by experience and practice.
3 categories of learning outcome?
1- Cognitive outcome
2-Skill based outcome
3- Affective outcome
Performance
-Actions or behaviors relevant to organization goals.
-Often directly observed
- learning takes place from observing performance.
Relationship Learning- training -performance
Training increases the learning, learning increases the performance.
Training needs analysis (3 steps)
1- Organizational anlaysis
2-Task analysis
3- Person analysis
—Understanding of where training is needed, what needs to be trained, who will be trained.
Organizational analysis
Examines organizational goals , available resources, enviroment to deterine where training should be directed.
Task analysis
What employees must do to perform job properly.
1- Develop task statement
2- determine homogenous task clusters
3- Identify KSAOs required for job
Person analysis
1- Which individuals within organization should receive training , what kind of instructions they need.
2- Assesment of trainee personality ability, experience can be used for needs analysis.
Trainee characteristics
1- Goal orientation
-Performance orientation: concerned with doing well.
- Mastery orientation: concerned with increasing competence.
2- Experience level
3- Trainee motivation
4-Trainee readiness
Learning and motivational theories applied tp training
1- Reinforcement theory
2- Social Learning theory
Reinforcement
1- Learning results from association between behaviors & rewards
-Positive reinforcement: desired behavior followed by reward
- Behavior modification: simple recognition and feedback effective in increasing the perofrmance.
Social Learning theory
1- Behavioral Modelling
2- Self efficiacy
3-Goal setting
4-Feedback
Behavioral Modelling
1- Observe actual job incumbents demonstrate positive modelling behaviors
2- reherse before using role play
3- receive feedback
4-try behavior on job
Self efficiacy
Belief in one’s capability to perform
Goal setting
Specific, difficult goals direct attention & improve performance
Feedback
-knowledge of results of one’s action
-enhances motivation, learning performance.
Principles of learning
1-Active practice
2-Automacitiy
Active practice
Actively participating in training work tasks
Automacitiy
When task can be perofmred with limited attention
Fidelity
Extent to which task trained is similar to task required job.
1- Physical fidelity
2-Psychological fidelity
Psychological fidelity
extent to which training task helpstrainees develop KSAOs necessary to perform.
