Lecture 1 Flashcards
What motivates the workers mots?
Making progress:
1-Growth
2-Relatedness
3-Autonomy
Brief History of Work Psychology ?
1- Munsterburg and Cattell
Worldwar 1: Army Alpha and Army Beta tests ( to recruit soldiers)
2- Lilian Gilberth first Phd in Industrial psychology ( Research in time and motion study (Human engineering) )
What is Hawthorne effect?
People change their behaviors when they know they are being observed.
1- Discovered in the Hawthorne factory when workers thought they were part of a research study they improved their performance.
Brief history of of I-O psychology
1- Hawthorne study, Human relations
2- Human relations movement
- Theories of motivation
-Emotional world of the worker
- Studies of job satifaction
(focuses on human interactions and worker well-being)
3- WW2
Hofstede’s Theory of cultural influence: Five dimensions
1- Idividualism-Collectivism
2-Power distance ( diference between highest and lowest power)
3- Uncertanity avoidance
4- Masculanity/ Femininity (clear gender rules/ blurry rules )
5- Long-term versus short- term orientation
Ex: Netherlands- Beligum compare
Netherlands:
1-Individualism
2- Low power distance
3- Uncertanity avoidance
4- Feminine
5- Long terms vs short term orientation
Common research design in I-O psychology ?
1-Experimental:
- Random assignment of participants to conditions
-Conducted in a labarotary or the workplace
2- Nonexperimental
Doesn’t include manipulation or assignment to different considitons.
- Observational design: observes and records behavior
- Survey and questionnaire design
3-Quasi-experimental
-Non-random assignment of participants to conditions
Methods of Data collection:
1- Qualitative methods:
includes observation, interview, case study and analysis of written documents.
2- Quantitative methods: tests, rating scales, physiological measures
Correlation Coefficient?
1- Measure of association
2- 0 to 1 reflects magnitude and direction
Mutiple correlation
overall linear association between several variables and a a single outcome variable ( ability to play basketball, shoe size, height)
Meta-Analysis
Statistical method for combining results from many studies to draw a general conclusion.
Reliability
1-Consistency or stability of a measure
Test-retes reliability: Calculated by correlating measurements taken at time 1 with measures taken at time 2.
Internal consistency
Assesses how consistently items of a test measure a single construct.
Validity
Whether the measurement taken accurately and compeletely represent what is to be measured.
Predictor validity
test chosen or developed to asssess identified abilities or other characteristics
Criterion validity
Outcome variable describing important performance domain ( wether if the test actually realted to the prediction or not.
Generalizability in research
-Appkication of results from one study or sample to other participants or situations.
- The more areas a study includes the greater it’s generaziliability.
-Every time a compromised is made the generalizability of resylts is reduced.
