Lecture 5: tissue recognistion Flashcards
what does the heart contain
plenty of cardiac muscles
purkinje fibres
intercalated discs (cell to cell communication)
what do purkigne fibres aid in
synchronised contraction of the ventricles
has specialised fibres with electric cables that get excited
why is cardiac muscle striated
actin and myosin arranged in sarcomeres
what is the tunica intima
inner most layer with connective tissue and elastic fibres
what is the tunica media
is middle layer
layers of smooth muscle and sheets of elastic fibres
what is the tunica adventitia
outermost layer of vessels
involved in cell movement
Dense irregular connective tissue with fibroblasts, elastic fibres and collagen
where is the tunica media thicker
in arteries
what do neutrophils have
multi lobed nucleus and granules
what do monocytes have
single nucleus and no granules
what do basophils have
two lobed nucleus and granules
what do eosinophils have
irregular nucleus and granules
what do lymphocytes have
single nucleus almost filling cytoplasm
what does a normal blood smear have
predominantly blood cells
small number of neutrophils
what do proximal tubules do and epithelium
reabsorbe water and nutrients from kidney ultrafiltrate
Cuboidal epithelium.
what is the glomerulus
bundle of intertwines capillaries involved in filtering blood
what is the distule tubule involved in and structure
water and salt reabsorption
More elongated and empty than proximal
Cuboidal
what epithelium is the kidney composed of
simple squamous epithelium
what does the bladder consist of
urothelium
umbrella cells
connective tissue
serosa
lamina propria
muscularis externa
what epithelium and cells does the bladder have
transitional
umbrella cells in uper layer - can be basal, intermediate and surface layer
what is the urothelium
a specialised epithelial layer lining urinary tract
what are the structural and functional units of thyroid gland
thyroid follicles
what does the thyroid produce
T3 and T4 hormones
what is colloid and what does it contain
viscous solution containing precursor thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones
what is the thyroid made up of and what epithelium
follicular cells - simple columnar to cuboidal epithelium
what are parafollicular cells
larger cells at follicle periphery with poor H and E staining that secrete calcitonin
what surrounds the adrenal gland
capsule - made up of connective tissue
what form the adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa
zona fassiculata
zona reticularis
what is the zona glomerulus
outer layer of cells and secretes aldosterone and involved in conserving sodium
what is zona fassiculata
middle layer secreting cortisol and involved in stress response
what is the zona reticularis
inner zone secreting androgens and involved in reproduction
what does the adrenal medulla with chromaffin cells do
make epinephrine and norepinephrine
what is the medulla the site of
adrenalin production
what does the exocrine pancreas do
secrete water, digestive juices
what does the endocrine pancreas do
regulating blood glucose levels
what do the pancreatic ducts do
transport digestive juices to duodenum
what does the cuboidal epithelial lining of pancreas do
secrete bicarbonate rich fluid
what does the columnar epithelium lining of the pancreas do
produce mucin
what does acini do
secrete digestive enzymes
what are islet of langerhans and what do they do
endocrine cells in islets
secrete insulin, glucagon, somastatin and pancreatic polypeptide
What does each endocrine cell secrete
beta cells -> insulin
alpha cells -> glucagon
delta cells -> somatostatin
pp cells -> pancreatic polypeptide
what does the epididymis do
stores sperm
what are the lobuli testes
subdivisions of testis with connective tissue
what is the mediastinum
seminiferous tubules meet and sperm leaves
what is the rete testis and epithelium
the connective tissue behind testis with simple cuboidal or columnar epitheliam
what is the tunica albuginea
fibrous connective tissue covering testis
what do leydig cells do
secrete testosterone and found in clusters
what do seminiferous tubules do and what lines them
site of spermatogenesis - make sperm
and lined by germinal epithelium
what are sertoli cells
barrier between blood and testis
separate basal epithelial compartment of SPERMATOGONIA from luminal compartment of SPERMATOCYTES, SPERMATIDS and SPERM
what is the spermatogonia
germ cells resting on basement membrane
what are the spermatocytes
arise from spermatogonia and cross basal epithelium to luminal compartment of germinal epithelium
what does the corpus tissue do
cover the penis
what is the corpus cevernosa
pair of vascular channels located dorsally in penis with connective tissue and smooth muscle
what is the corpus spongiform
mass of spongy erectile tissue surrounding male urethra within penis
what is the superficial fascia
layer of connective tissue surrounding penis
what does the corpus spongiosum do
Remains flexible during erection preventing urethra from closing and allowing ejaculation
what is the lamina propria
thin connective tissue lining mucosa
what is the adventitia of the corpus spongiosum
outer layer fibrous connective tissue
what epithelium are the prostate glands mainly made up of
pseudo stratified columnar or just cuboidal epithelium
what layers are the prostate glands COMPOSED of
flat basal cell layer and overlying columnar secretory cell layer
what is the ovaries surrounded by
- surrounded by a capsule with outer cortex and inner medulla
what is the outer layer of the ovaries called and what’s between them
ovarian cortex and it has ovarian follicles and stroma between them
what epithelium is the capsule of the ovaries
germinal epithelium which is simply cuboidal
what are the primordial ovarian follicles
primary oocytes that arent developed and surrounded by single layer of follicular cells
what are primary follicules
activated primary oocytes surrounded by various layers of cuboidal shaped granulosa cells (stratum granulosa)
what are secondary follicules
oocytes get larger with more follicular cells and small accumulation of fluid in intracellular space and a ZONA PELLUCIDA
what are the mature follicle
stage after first meiotic division before complete ovulation; has thin stratum granulosum and area called THECA FOLLICULI with blood vessels
formation of ovarian follicles
primodorial follicle responds to FSH -> primary follicle
more fsh = primary to secondary with oocyte (plus antrum, granulosa cells and stromal cells
secondary become mature
ovulation - FSH and LH peak -> estradiol is released and FSH decreases
what is the histology of the cervix
transformation zone - cells can becone cancerous
endocervix - walls, simple columnar
ectocervix - stratified non squamous keratinised
cervical glands - fight infection, secrete mucous
what is the histology of the cervical glands
- Branchedglands
- Secrete mucous
- Located in lamina propria and comprised of simple columnar epithelium
what is the vagina compised of at the core
smooth muscle and a stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium
what are the layers the vagina is split into
mucosa
lamina propria
circular and longitudinal muscle
adventitia
what is the lamina propria rich in
collagen and elastic fibres
what do the lobules do in the breasts
make milk - thin layer of connective tissue
what do lactiferous ducts do
each lobe is drained by single ducts that opens into nipple and delivers milk to surface
what are the ducts lined by
double layer of cuboidal or cilumnar epithelium
what is acini made up
simple cuboidal or columnar secretary cells
one layer
What are intercalated discs
Electrical cables that get excited
