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cellular pathology year 2 > Lecture 5: tissue recognistion > Flashcards

Lecture 5: tissue recognistion Flashcards

1
Q

what does the heart contain

A

plenty of cardiac muscles

purkinje fibres

intercalated discs (cell to cell communication)

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2
Q

what do purkigne fibres aid in

A

synchronised contraction of the ventricles

has specialised fibres with electric cables that get excited

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3
Q

why is cardiac muscle striated

A

actin and myosin arranged in sarcomeres

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4
Q

what is the tunica intima

A

inner most layer with connective tissue and elastic fibres

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5
Q

what is the tunica media

A

is middle layer

layers of smooth muscle and sheets of elastic fibres

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6
Q

what is the tunica adventitia

A

outermost layer of vessels

involved in cell movement

Dense irregular connective tissue with fibroblasts, elastic fibres and collagen

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7
Q

where is the tunica media thicker

A

in arteries

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8
Q

what do neutrophils have

A

multi lobed nucleus and granules

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9
Q

what do monocytes have

A

single nucleus and no granules

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10
Q

what do basophils have

A

two lobed nucleus and granules

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11
Q

what do eosinophils have

A

irregular nucleus and granules

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12
Q

what do lymphocytes have

A

single nucleus almost filling cytoplasm

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13
Q

what does a normal blood smear have

A

predominantly blood cells

small number of neutrophils

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14
Q

what do proximal tubules do and epithelium

A

reabsorbe water and nutrients from kidney ultrafiltrate

Cuboidal epithelium.

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15
Q

what is the glomerulus

A

bundle of intertwines capillaries involved in filtering blood

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16
Q

what is the distule tubule involved in and structure

A

water and salt reabsorption

More elongated and empty than proximal

Cuboidal

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17
Q

what epithelium is the kidney composed of

A

simple squamous epithelium

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18
Q

what does the bladder consist of

A

urothelium

umbrella cells

connective tissue

serosa

lamina propria

muscularis externa

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19
Q

what epithelium and cells does the bladder have

A

transitional

umbrella cells in uper layer - can be basal, intermediate and surface layer

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20
Q

what is the urothelium

A

a specialised epithelial layer lining urinary tract

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21
Q

what are the structural and functional units of thyroid gland

A

thyroid follicles

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22
Q

what does the thyroid produce

A

T3 and T4 hormones

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23
Q

what is colloid and what does it contain

A

viscous solution containing precursor thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones

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24
Q

what is the thyroid made up of and what epithelium

A

follicular cells - simple columnar to cuboidal epithelium

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25
what are parafollicular cells
larger cells at follicle periphery with poor H and E staining that secrete calcitonin
26
what surrounds the adrenal gland
capsule - made up of connective tissue
27
what form the adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa zona fassiculata zona reticularis
28
what is the zona glomerulus
outer layer of cells and secretes aldosterone and involved in conserving sodium
29
what is zona fassiculata
middle layer secreting cortisol and involved in stress response
30
what is the zona reticularis
inner zone secreting androgens and involved in reproduction
31
what does the adrenal medulla with chromaffin cells do
make epinephrine and norepinephrine
32
what is the medulla the site of
adrenalin production
33
what does the exocrine pancreas do
secrete water, digestive juices
34
what does the endocrine pancreas do
regulating blood glucose levels
35
what do the pancreatic ducts do
transport digestive juices to duodenum
36
what does the cuboidal epithelial lining of pancreas do
secrete bicarbonate rich fluid
37
what does the columnar epithelium lining of the pancreas do
produce mucin
38
what does acini do
secrete digestive enzymes
39
what are islet of langerhans and what do they do
endocrine cells in islets secrete insulin, glucagon, somastatin and pancreatic polypeptide
40
What does each endocrine cell secrete
beta cells -> insulin alpha cells -> glucagon delta cells -> somatostatin pp cells -> pancreatic polypeptide
41
what does the epididymis do
stores sperm
42
what are the lobuli testes
subdivisions of testis with connective tissue
43
what is the mediastinum
seminiferous tubules meet and sperm leaves
44
what is the rete testis and epithelium
the connective tissue behind testis with simple cuboidal or columnar epitheliam
45
what is the tunica albuginea
fibrous connective tissue covering testis
46
what do leydig cells do
secrete testosterone and found in clusters
47
what do seminiferous tubules do and what lines them
site of spermatogenesis - make sperm and lined by germinal epithelium
48
what are sertoli cells
barrier between blood and testis separate basal epithelial compartment of SPERMATOGONIA from luminal compartment of SPERMATOCYTES, SPERMATIDS and SPERM
49
what is the spermatogonia
germ cells resting on basement membrane
50
what are the spermatocytes
arise from spermatogonia and cross basal epithelium to luminal compartment of germinal epithelium
51
what does the corpus tissue do
cover the penis
52
what is the corpus cevernosa
pair of vascular channels located dorsally in penis with connective tissue and smooth muscle
53
what is the corpus spongiform
mass of spongy erectile tissue surrounding male urethra within penis
54
what is the superficial fascia
layer of connective tissue surrounding penis
55
what does the corpus spongiosum do
Remains flexible during erection preventing urethra from closing and allowing ejaculation
56
what is the lamina propria
thin connective tissue lining mucosa
57
what is the adventitia of the corpus spongiosum
outer layer fibrous connective tissue
58
what epithelium are the prostate glands mainly made up of
pseudo stratified columnar or just cuboidal epithelium
59
what layers are the prostate glands COMPOSED of
flat basal cell layer and overlying columnar secretory cell layer
60
what is the ovaries surrounded by
- surrounded by a capsule with outer cortex and inner medulla
61
what is the outer layer of the ovaries called and what’s between them
ovarian cortex and it has ovarian follicles and stroma between them
62
what epithelium is the capsule of the ovaries
germinal epithelium which is simply cuboidal
63
what are the primordial ovarian follicles
primary oocytes that arent developed and surrounded by single layer of follicular cells
64
what are primary follicules
activated primary oocytes surrounded by various layers of cuboidal shaped granulosa cells (stratum granulosa)
65
what are secondary follicules
oocytes get larger with more follicular cells and small accumulation of fluid in intracellular space and a ZONA PELLUCIDA
66
what are the mature follicle
stage after first meiotic division before complete ovulation; has thin stratum granulosum and area called THECA FOLLICULI with blood vessels
67
formation of ovarian follicles
primodorial follicle responds to FSH -> primary follicle more fsh = primary to secondary with oocyte (plus antrum, granulosa cells and stromal cells secondary become mature ovulation - FSH and LH peak -> estradiol is released and FSH decreases
68
what is the histology of the cervix
transformation zone - cells can becone cancerous endocervix - walls, simple columnar ectocervix - stratified non squamous keratinised cervical glands - fight infection, secrete mucous
69
what is the histology of the cervical glands
- Branchedglands - Secrete mucous - Located in lamina propria and comprised of simple columnar epithelium
70
what is the vagina compised of at the core
smooth muscle and a stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium
71
what are the layers the vagina is split into
mucosa lamina propria circular and longitudinal muscle adventitia
72
what is the lamina propria rich in
collagen and elastic fibres
73
what do the lobules do in the breasts
make milk - thin layer of connective tissue
74
what do lactiferous ducts do
each lobe is drained by single ducts that opens into nipple and delivers milk to surface
75
what are the ducts lined by
double layer of cuboidal or cilumnar epithelium
76
what is acini made up
simple cuboidal or columnar secretary cells one layer
77
What are intercalated discs
Electrical cables that get excited

cellular pathology year 2 (12 decks)

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