Lecture 4: Tissue recognition 1

Question 1

what are squamous cells called?

Answer 1

keratinocytes

Question 2

what is the epidermis

Answer 2

Surface epithelial layer in contact with external environmentw

Question 3

what is the dermis

Answer 3

Middle layer with blood vessels, glands, nerves

Question 4

what is the hypodermis (subcutis)

Answer 4

deepest layer with adipose tissue

Question 5

what is the skin histology

Answer 5

stratified squamous keratinised epithelial cells (epithelium)

dense irregular connective tissue with elastic and collagen fibres (dermis)

loose connective and adipose tissue (hypodermis)

Question 6

what is the order of stratum from superficial to deep

Answer 6

corneum

lucidum

granulosum

spinosum

basale

Question 7

what is the stratum basale

Answer 7

attached to dermis and is one layer of germinal cells attached to basement membrane

Question 8

what is the stratum spinosum

Answer 8

composed of keratinocytes

Question 9

what is the stratum granulosum

Answer 9

composed of keratinocytes with granules in them

Question 10

what is the stratum lucidum

Answer 10

refractive zone found in thick skin

Question 11

what is the stratum corneum

Answer 11

thick and contains dead cells

Question 12

what is the dermis histology

Answer 12

papillary layer

dermal papillae

papillar capillaries

reticular layer

Question 13

what is the upper respiratory tract epithelium

Answer 13

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 14

what is the lower respiratory tract consisted of

Answer 14

simple squamos epithelium

Question 15

what does the epithelial layer consist of

Answer 15

goblet cells (produce mucus)

basement membrane (for structure)

strong blood supply

Question 16

what is the histology of the bronchioles

Answer 16

epithelium in bronchioles starts as pseudostratified columnar -> ciliated columnar as diameter narrows

contains secretory cells with microvilli called club cells and smooth muscle

Question 17

what is the histology of terminal bronchioles

Answer 17

epithelium in terminal bronchioles = simple ciliated columnar -> cuboidal

contains secretory cells with microvilli called club cells and smooth muscle

Question 18

what is the histology of respiratory bronchioles

Answer 18

epithelium is simple columnar and simple cuboidal

contains secretory cells with microvilli called club cells and smooth muscle

Question 19

what is the histology of the alveoli

Answer 19

simple epithelium with pneumocytes

type 1 pneumocytes -> flattened, simple squamous

type 2-> dome shaped cuboidal (secrete surfactant)

Question 20

what does the digestive system do

Answer 20

Regulates intake, processing and absorption
ingested nutrients and disposal waste products

Question 21

what are the components of the tongue

Answer 21

• Stratified squamous non- keratinised epithelium
• DERMAL PAPILLAE->connective tissue in
  epithelium reducing tongue
  movement
• FOLIATE PAPILLAE->ridges on lateral edges of tongue with
  FURROWS (receive saliva) and taste buds

Question 22

what muscles are in the tongue

Answer 22

skeletal muscle in 3 bundles

Question 23

what epithelial cells are in the oesphagus

Answer 23

stratified squamous non keratinised cells

Question 24

what type of epithelium is the stomach made up of

Answer 24

simple columnar

Question 25

what tissue is the submucosa made up of

Answer 25

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 26

what is filiform papilla involved in

Answer 26

substance movement, lightly keratinised

Question 27

what are lingual salivary glands

Answer 27

small produce specific saliva (serous and mucous)

Question 28

what is the major role of the small intestine

Answer 28

nutrient absorption

Question 29

what are the three distinct regions of the small intestine

Answer 29

duodenum jejunum ileum

Question 30

what is the duodenum composed of and what does it do

Answer 30

DUODENAL GLANDS and absorbs nutrients and water from food

Question 31

what is the jejunum composed of and what does it do

Answer 31

ENTEROCYTES, MICROVILLI and a BRUSH BORDER and absorbs SUGARS, AMINO ACIDS and FATTY ACIDS

Question 32

what is the ileum composed of

Answer 32

lymphatic tissue called PEYER’S PATCHES and absorbs remaining nutrients with a main focus on VITAMIN B12 and recycles BILE

Question 33

what are the two most important structures of absorption for small intestine

Answer 33

villi microvilli

Question 34

histology of the duodenum

Question 35

What cells are in the stomach and what do they do

Answer 35

Mucous cell - secrete mucus Parietal cells. - secrete hcl Chief cell - secrete pepsiongoen G cell - secretes gastric hormone

Question 36

What do cardiac glands in the stomach do

Answer 36

Secrete mucous into gastric pits

Question 37

What do fundic glands do

Answer 37

Secrete hcl