Lecture 5 - Axilla Lateral Cervical Triangle Flashcards
What are bones of the pectoral region?
a. Clavicles b. Sternum Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid c. Ribs d. scapula
What are functions of fascia in pectoral region?
a. Defines borders b. Invests muscles c. Creates potentials spaces d. Includes superficial and deep
What are the does superficial fascia wrap in the pectoral region?
a. Platysma Muscle for fascial expression In many animals covers whole body b. Supraclavicular nerves c. Anterior and posterior branches intercostal nerves (in b/w ribs)
What are the boarders and contents of delta pectoral triangle?
a. Borders i. Deltoid ii. Pectoralis major4 iii. Middle 1/3 of clavicle Contents i. Cephalic Vein ii. Deltopectoral Lymph nodes and Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial Artery
What is the clavipectoral fascia and list structures that pierce the fascia?
a. Invests subclavius and pectoralis minor b. Attaches to clavicle and anterior thoracic wall c. Pierced by Cephalic vein, thoracoacromial a, and lateral pectoral nerves pierce it
What is the relationship b/w clavipectoral fascia and suspensory ligaments of the axilla?
a. Becomes suspensory ligaments of axilla
What are the muscles of the pectoral region and what are their attachments and innervations?
i. Inverted with ventral rami of the spinal nerves via branches of the brachial plexus (multiple nerves levels of spinal cord come together) ii. Includes 1. Pectoralis major 2. Pectorals minor 3. Subclavius 4. Serratus anterior
What are the superficial cervical fascia and its contents?
a. Superficial cervical fascia i. Platysma muscle ii. Superficial veins iii. Cutaneous nerves -> innervation for skin
What is the prevertebral fascia and the muscles covered?
a.Prevertebral fascia i. Covers muscles of the lateral triangle ii. Extends around the anterior surface of the cervical vertebrae across anterior midline
What are the boundaries of the lateral cervical triangle?
- Anterior
- Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid (STC)
- Posterior
- Anterior border of the trapezius
- Inferior Clavicle
- Roof.
- Skin Superficial layer of deep cervical fascia
- Also called investing fascia
- Splits to enclose sternocleoidmastod (covers both sides)
What are the muscles of the lateral cervical triangle?
a. It is covered by prevertebral fascia but its…. i. Splenius capitis ii. Levator scapulae (LS) iii. Scalenus posterior (SP) iv. Scalenus Medius (SM) v. Scalenus Anterior (SA) Omohyoid
What are the vascular and nerve contents of lateral cervical triangle?
- Nerve—-
- Lesser occipital (C2)
- Supraclavicular (C3,C4)
- ***Accessory (CN Xi)
- supply trapezius
- sternocleidomastoid
- Circulation—-
- Occipital artery
- Transverse cervical artery
- Subclavian Vein (SV)
- Crosses first rib
- Subclavian artery (SA)
- Crosses first rib External jugular
What is the origin of the spinal accessory nerve and list muscles inverted?
Spinal root Arises from C1 –c5
Fibers pass superiorly through foramen magnum and join cranial root
Both roots exit though Jugular foramen and separate
Spinal root innervates Sternocleidomastoid trapezius
What are the boundaries of the axilla and discriminate b/w the base and the apex of the axilla
a.)Base
. Anterior -> pectoralis major muscle
ii. Posterior -> Latissimus dorsi muscle
iii. Medial -> thoracic wall
iv Lateral -> humerus
a. Apex
i. Anterior-> clavicle
ii. Posterior -> superior border of scapula
iii. Medial-> first rib
What are the muscles that make up posterior and anterior axillary folds?
a. Anterior axillary fold
i. Pectoralis major
b. Posterior axillary fold
i. Latissimus Dorsi ii Teres major
