Exam 3 - Abdominal Cavity II Flashcards
1
Q
What is the anatomical location of the spleen?
A
- largest lymphatic organ
- Location
- lies against diaphragm in left hypochoncriac region
- along the axis of ribs 9 -11
2
Q
What are the three major ligaments of the spleen and their attachements?
A
- Gastrosplenic (gastrolienal) ligament
- attaches spleen to stomach
- contains
- keft gastroepiploic artery and vein
- short gastric arteries and vein
- Phrenicosplenic (phrenicolienal) ligament
- attaches spleen to diaphragm
- Lienorenal ligament
- attaches spleen to left kidney
3
Q
What is the vasculature supply to the spleen
A
- Splenic artery via 4 branches
- superior polar
- superior middle
- inferior middle
- inferior polar
4
Q
What impressions are associated with the spleen?
A
- stomach
- large intestine
- kidney
5
Q
What are the four major parts of the pancreas ?
A
- Head
- lies in the curvature of the duodenum
- lies anterior to inferior vena cava
- traversed by common bile duct
- uncinte process
- posteromedial projection from head of pancreas
- Neck
- Constricted where crossed posteriorly by
- superior mesenteric artery
- Constricted where crossed posteriorly by
- Body
- trianglular cross-section
- extends across midline across aorta and left renal vein
- anterior surface:
- covered by peritoneum
- lies in floor of omental bursa
- Posterior surface
- devoid of peritoneum
- contacts
- aorta
- superior mesenteric artery
- left kidney
- left suprarenal gland
- Tail
- ends at hilus of spleen
6
Q
what is the anatomical location of the pancreas? plus function?
A
- Location
- epigastric and left hypchondriac regions
- Function
- exocrine function
- produces pancreatic juice
- aids in digestion
- digestive enzymes
- bicarbonate ions
- aids in digestion
- produces pancreatic juice
- Endocrine Function
- Produces hormones
- insulin
- glucagon
- Produces hormones
- exocrine function
7
Q
what major vessels supply the spleen?
A
- branches of the splenic artery
- superior and infor pancreaticoduodenal arteries
8
Q
What duct system is associated with the pancreas and relate to the biliary duct system?
A
- Main pancreatic duct
- begins at tail of pancreas
- runs through pancreatic parenchyma
- exits galnds at head
- turns inferiorly and meets bile duct
- Hepatopancreatic ampulla
- junction of main pancreatic duct and common bile duct
- emties into duodenum via duodeal papilla
- Accessory pancreatic duct
- drains urcinate process and inferior head of pancreas
- empties into duodenum via minor duodenal papilla
9
Q
What are the major characteristics of the colon?
A
- Tenia coli “tapeworm = word origin”
- thicken bands of smooth muscle
- Haustra
- puches between tenia
- epiploic appendages
10
Q
What are the sections of the large intestine
A
- Ascending Colon
- from cecum to right colic (hepatic) flexure
- Transverse Colon
- from right colic flexure (hepatic) to left colic flexure (splenic)
- suspended by transcerse mesocolon
- arterial supply
- middle colic artery from superior mesenteric artery
- vagus innervation
- Descending Colon
- from left colic flexure to pelvic brom (sigmoid colon)
- Mostly covered by peritoneu but posterior wall is fused to posterior abdominal wall
- Srterial supply
- branch from inferior mesenteric artery
- sacral output for parasympathetic innervation
- Signmoid colon
- begins at pevic brim
- S shaped
- beomes continuous with rectum at sacreal vertebra
- suspended by sigmoid mesocolon
- arterial supply
- inferior mesenteric artery
- Rectum
- fixed terminal portion of colon
- begins at level of sacral vertebra 3
- follows curvature of sacrum and coccyx
11
Q
What are the main features of the cecum?
A
- Cecum is a large, blind ended pouch continuous with ascending colon
- illeocecal orifice with ilocecal valve
- Mc burneys point
12
Q
what is the clinical significance of McBurneys Point?
A
- 2/3 distance from umbilicus ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
- Pain receptors fire when pushed on when apendicitus is present
13
Q
What are the charcteristics of the duodenum?
A
- section of small intestine extending from pylorus to jejunum
- surrounds head of pancreas
- retroperitoneal
- begins to right of midline at level of lumbar vertebra 1
- ends left of midline at level of lumbar vertebra 2
- divided into four parts
- superior part (L1)
- Descending part (L1 - L3)
- Horzontal Part ( L3)
- Ascending part (L3 - L2)
14
Q
What are the sections of the duodenum?
A
- Superior part
- First part distal to pylors
- Descending part
- major duodenal papilla
- empties hepatopancreatic ampulla into duodenum
- expanded area proximal to major duodenal papilla
- opening of common bile duct and main pancreatic duct
- where common bile duct and main pancratic duct unit
- sphinctor of oddi comtrols emptying of common bile duct
- empties hepatopancreatic ampulla into duodenum
- Minor duodenal papilla
- empties accessory pancreatic duct into duodenum
- major duodenal papilla
- horizontal part
- travels to left
- Ascending part
- meets with jejunum at duodenojejunal arteries
*
- meets with jejunum at duodenojejunal arteries
15
Q
What is the blood supply of the duodenum?
A
- Gastroduodenal artery via other subsequent arteries
- superior mesenteric artery via other subsequent arteries
