Exam 3 - Lecture 20 lungs and bronchial tree Flashcards
What are the pleural membranes that cover the line and line the pleural cavities ?
- Visceral pleura
- Covers and follows indentations of lung
- Parietial pleura
- lines thoracic cavity
- subdivisons of the parietal pleura
- costal pleura lines the ribs
- diaphragmatic pleura covers the diaphragm
- mediastinal pleura lies against the mediastinum
- cervical pleura extends above the level of the first rib
What is the pleural recess
- Large spaces or cesses formed buy the reflection of parietal pleura from one area to another
- Costodiaphragmatic recess (space)
- space where costal and diaphragmatic pleura meet
- Costomediastinal recess (space)
- space where mediastinal and costal pleura meet
- allows for expansion of lungs during inspiration
- Pulmonary ligament
- transition between viseral and parietal pleura at root of the lung
- creates tubular pasasgeways through which pass
- airways, veins, arteries, lympahtics, nerves
- Pleural reflections
- cervical dome of pleura
- AKA: pleural cupula
- level with neck of the firs rib
- Anteriorly, 1.5 - 2.5 cm above the sternal end of the clavicle
- anterior magin extends obliquely behind the sternoclavicular joint
- cervical dome of pleura
what is the hilus of the lung?
The hilum is where the connection between the parietal pleura (covering the rib cage) and the visceral pleura (covering the lung) connect, which denotes the meeting point between the mediastinum and the pleural cavities.
What are the contents of the root of the lung?
- located at the hilum of each lung
- contents
- bronchus,
- pulmonary veins,
- pulmonary arteries,
- bronchial arteries
- bronchial veins,
- pulmonary plexus,
- lymphatic bessels,
- bronchial lymph nodes
- areolar tissue
What are the pleural lines of relfection
At sternal angle, the pleura is at the median line and two sides stay in contact until the fourth costal cartilage
Right side
- Leaves sternum at 7th costal cartialge
- at 8th costal cartilage at midclavicular line
- at 10th rib at axillary line
- at 11th rib at scapular line
- extends to level of T12 and then ascends
Right side
- Pleura is displaced because of displacemnt by the heart
- leaves sternum at IC space 5
- 1.5cm from sternal margin at 6th cartilage
- follows same landmarks as right side at this point
Projections
Right Lung
- Follows rib 1 to sternoclavicular joint
- located at median plane at sternal angle
- extends alon median plane from 2nd costal carilage to 4th costal cartilage
- Leaves sternum 6th costal cartilage
- at 6th rib at midclavicular lne
- at 8th rib at axillary line
- at 10th rib at scapular line
- ends opposite T11
Left lung same as right except…..
- cardiac notch begins at 4th costal cartilage
- horizontal at parasternal line
- medial to costochondral junction at 6th cartilage
What are the lobes on each lung?
- 3 on the right
- 2 on left
- supplied bu secondary bronchi
RIght
- superior lobe
- apical lobule
- posterior lobule
- anterior lobule
- Middle lobe
- Lateral lobule
- medial lobule
- Inferior lobe
- superior lobule
- anterior basal lobule
- medial basal lobule
- lateral basal lobule
- posterior basal lobule
Left lung
- Superior lobe
- APicoposterior
- lobule
- anterior lobule
- Lingular lobule
- superior lobule and inferior lobule
- Inferior Lobe
- Superior lobule
- anterior basal lobule
- medial basal lobule (can be combinedwith anterior = anteromedial basal…)
- lateral basal lobule
- posterior basal lobule
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What is the trachea?
- supported by C shaped cartilage segemnts
- insuperior mediastinum
- Anterior to esophagus
- bifurcates into primary bronchi at sternal angle
- carina
- Located at inferior end of trachea where it branches into two prpimary bronchi
- produces intense cough reflex when foreign bodies encounter it
What is the primary bronchi?
- supported by cartilaginous rings
- right bronchus
- shorter, straighter, adn alrger than left
- aspirator objects more comonly follow right bronchus
- gives off three secondary bronchi
- superior to superior lobe of right lung
- middle to midle lobe of right lung
- inferior to inferior lobe of right lung
- shorter, straighter, adn alrger than left
- Left bronchus
- twice as longa s right primary bronchus
- gives off two secondary bronchi
- suprior and superior lobe of right lung
- inferior to inferior lobe of right lung
- ANgle between primary bronchi
- 62 degrees
What are components of the bronchopulmonary tree?
- Primary
- right
- left
- secondary
- supply lobes
- teriary bronchi
- supply lobeules (bronchopulmonary segments)
- Respiratory bronchi
- first site where gas exchange can occur
- Alveolar sacs
- Alveoli
What is the origin for the arterial supply to the alveoli and to the intersitium?
First aortic intercoastal artery
What is the arterial supply from the right atrium to the alveoli
- Right atrium
- right ventricle
- lobar arteies
- lobular arteries
- capillary beds around alveolar sacs
- lobular arteries
- lobar arteies
- right ventricle
What is arterial supply form its origin to the interstitium of the lung
What is the venous return from the alveoli and the interstitium
What is the autonomic plexuses that supply the lung, inluding location and origin
- Anterior and posterior plexus
- Lie anterior and posterior to roots of lungs
- contain parasympthatetic fibers
- from vagus nerve
- contain sympathetic fibers (t1 - 4)
- Related to esophageal and aortic plexuses posteriorly
