Exam 3 -Thoracic cavity: Heart and great vessels Flashcards
What are the layers of the pericardium and how are they related to the sinuses
- heart is in Middle inerior mediastinum within the pericardial cavity
- Visceral Pericardium
- serous membrane (epicardium)
- Arterial mesocardium
- venous mesocardium
- Parietal Pericardium
- serous membrane
- fused to fibrous pericardium
- fused with centrla tendon of diaphragm
- pericardiacophrenic ligament
- fused with sternum
- superior and inferior sternopericardial ligaments
- fused with centrla tendon of diaphragm
- Transverse sinus
- space between arterial and venous mesocardium
- oblique sinus
- space between right and left pulmonary veins
What is the blood and nerve supply to the pericardium?
- Blood supply
- Pericardial arteries
- pericardiacophrenic arteries
- musculophrenic arteries
- Nerve
- Cn X
- Phrenic Nerve
- Sympathetic trunk
What are major landmarks associated with cardiac projections ?
- Apec is down and to left
- base of heart is superior to apex
- upside down triangle
- base projection
- horzontal plane across sternum
- level of csotal cartilage 3
- ends 2 cm to left of left parasternal line
- Apex projection
- 5th intercostal space
- 8 cm (interclavicular line) to left of median line of sternum
- pericardium extends up to sternal angle
What are the three layers of the heart?
- External
- epicardium
- visceral layer of serous pericardium + subserous layer of connective tissue
- epicardium
- Middle
- myocardium
- thickest
- cardiac muscle tissue
- myocardium
- inner
- Endocardium
- endothelium
- Endocardium
What is the cardiac skeleton and how does it relate to the four major valves ?
- 4 interlocking fibrous rings
- Annuli fibrosi
- interconnected with membranous portion of interbentricular septum
- Functions of the annuli fibrosi
- rigid attachment for cardiac muscle fibers
- support valves
what are the surfaces and borders that identify the external heart?
Base:
- Posterior aspect of heart
- mostly left atrium + small part of right atrium
Apex:
- located at intercostal space 5 medial to nipple
- formed from left ventricle
Diaphragmatic
- rests on diaphragm
- Mostly left ventricle and a small part of right
Sternocostal Surface
- Faces anteriorly
- mostly right ventricle
left margin (border)
- Left side of heart
- formed mostly of left ventricle and elft auricle
Inferior margin (border)
- Intersection of diaphragmatic and sternocostal surfaces
- formed mostly from right ventricle
Superior border
- left and right atria and auricles
What are two major arteries that supply the heart itself ?
- Blood supply
- Coronary arteries are the direct and only branches off the ascending aorta
- RIght and left Coronaries
What is the venous draingage of the heart?
- Coronary Sinus
- Located in posterior coronary sulcus
- opens int right atrium
- direct continuation of great cardiac vein
- tributaties
- great cardiac vein
- middle cardiac vein
- small cardiac vein
What is the origin and what does the right coronary artery supply?
- RIght Coronary Artery
- Passes between pulmonary trunk and right auricle
- to coronary sulcus
- follows coronary sulcus to diaphragmatic surface
- anastomoses with left coronary artery
- Right C. A supplies
- right atrium
- right ventricle
- posterior half of interventricular septum
- Right cornary artery branches
- artery to SA node
- Artery to AV node
- Right marginal artery
- Posterior INterventricular artery
- = posteropr descending artery (PDA)
What is the origin and what does the left coronary artery supply?
- Left coronary artery
- passes between pulmonary trunk and left atrium
- Left coronary artery supplies
- left atrium
- left ventricle
- anterior half of interventricular septum
- Left coronary artery branches
- anterior interventriclar artery
- = left anterior descending (LAD)
- Circumflex artery
- Left marginal artery
- anterior interventriclar artery
What is the source of blood flow, valves, subchambers and unique structure assocated with the right atrium?
- Recieves blood from
- superior vena cava
- inferior vena cava
- coronary sinus
- anterior cardiac veins
- LARge, thin walled chamber
- Subchambers
- main posterior cavity
- sinus venarum
- Anterior Cavity
- Auricle
- lined with pectinate muscles
- main posterior cavity
What is the source of blood flow, valves, subchambers and unique structure assocated with the right ventricle
- Recieves blood form the rigt atrium
- thicker walled than right atrium
- trabeulae carnae
- Moderator band
- (septomarginal trabecula)
- Conveys right branch of atrioventricular byndle
- Right atrioventricular valve = tricuspid valve
- CHordae tendinae
- papillary muscles
- Pulmonary valve
- formed from three semilunar cusps
- Pulmonary trunk
- divides into left and right pulmonary arteries
What is the source of blood flow, valves, subchambers and unique structure assocated with the Left Atrium?
- Recieves blood form the four pulmonary veins
- smaller and thicker walled than right atrium
- Posterior smooth portion recieves pulmonary veins
- Anterior portion = auricle
- with pectinate muscles
- Wall is 2 or 3x thicker than right ventricle
- trabeculae carnae are less coarse than those of right venricle
- No moderator band
- Two papillary muscles
- anterior and posterior
- Left atrioventricular VAlve = bicuspid or mitral valve
- Aortic Valve
- composed of three semiluna cusps
How does the conduction travel within the heart?
- remember no nervous tissue in heart
- SInoatrial node (begins)
- Pacemaker to the heart
- Loacted in right atrium
- receives direct stimulation form
- sympathic cardiac nerves
- parasympathetic nerves
- Atrioventricular Node
- locatted in interatrial septum near tricuspid valve
- Interventricular bundle
- travels down fibrous skeleton
- Reaches interventricular septum
- only conenction between myocardium of atria and ventricles
- RIght cruus (Bundle branch) passes through moderator band
or
Left crus (bundle branch)
- Purkinje fibers
- terminal ending of bundle dibers
- embedded in myocardium of centricle
What are the two branches of the ascending aorta?
Right and left cornonary arteries
