lecture 5 Flashcards
factory analogy of cell
mitochondria- power, provides energy ER- factory floor, builds proteins tubules- transport golgi body- mailroom lysosomes- custodial microfilaments- structural nucleus- office
cell membrane
functions to seperate intra from extra cellular fluid
- regulates movements of substances in and out of cell and maintains concentration gradient
composition of cell membrane
phospholipids-
hydrophilic head: phosphorus
hydrophobic tail: lipids
nucleus
houses chromosomes
chromosomes
“books that contain blueprints for prodtein production”
blueprints –> genes
double helix DNA made up of AT CG
humans have 23 pairs
gene
segment of DNA that encodes for particular protein construction
- sequeunce of bases that determines which AA will be joined
transcription
DNA –> mRNA
RNA polymerase is responsible
- U is substituted for T
translation
mRNA–> amino acid sequence (eventually link to form a polypeptide chain)
- ribosomes are responsible
codon
sequence of 3 bases into an AA
AA composition
central carbon hydrogen amino group carboxyl group side chain (R) - linked by a peptide bond
proteins
folded up polypeptide chain
- shape is crucial to function
- have many different functions
golgi bodies
package proteins in membranes and give them a label indicating where they go
microtubules
transport the vesicles to their destination inside or outside the cell
steps of protein packaging and shipment
- proteins formed in ER enter golgi bodies, are wrapped and given a shipping address
- each protein package is attached to a motor molecule and moves along microtubule to destination
3a. protein can b incorporated into membrane
3b. can remain inside as an enzyme
3c. can be excreted from the cell
proteins sability to change shape
protein must be able to change shape
- inserting key into lock will change shape of lock and allow the door to open
