lecture 30: how does the brain think

Question 1

functional asymmetry in split brain

Answer 1

cannot name objects presented to RH but can make correct nonverbal responses using left hand

Question 2

sex differences in cognitive organization

Answer 2

females: short term memory and verbal fluency
males: spatial relation and mental rotation

Question 3

sex differences in brain volume

Answer 3

woman: larger dorsal prefrontal and paralimbic regions
men: larger ventral prefrontal

Question 4

sex differences in gray matter

Answer 4

woman: high cortical gray matter in cerebral cortex
men: gray matter more uniform across cortex

Question 5

gonadal hormones

Answer 5

males: medial frontal cortex larger dendritic fields
females: larger orbitofrontal cortex dendritic fields

Question 6

sex differences in cortical injury

Answer 6

men: more likely to be aphasic after L posterior
women: more likely to be aphasiac after L frontal

Question 7

DTI connectivity

Answer 7

females: more inter
males: more intra

Question 8

evolution

Answer 8

males - spatial skills needed to return to territories and travel long distances
females- language skills needed to engage in social interaction and fine motor skills

Question 9

anomalous speech representation

Answer 9

condition in which persons speech zones are in the right hemisphere or in both hemispheres

Question 10

handedness and cognitive organization

Answer 10

right handed ppl language in left

left handed- 15% localized in RH, 15% bilateral

Question 11

synesthesia

Answer 11

ability to perceive a stimulus of one sense as the sensation of a different sense
ex. sound produces sensation of color

Question 12

2 hypotheses regarding synesthesia

Answer 12

1. extraordinary neural connections b/w sensory regions

2. increased activity in multimodal areas of frontal lobes - receive more input from one sensory area

Question 13

spearmens G

Answer 13

proposed general intelligence- g factor

- high or low g show some differences in brain architecture, connectivity, ratio of neurons to glia

Question 14

einsteins brain

Answer 14

same size/weight
short lateral fissure
high glia to neuron ratio in IPT –> math

Question 15

gardners multiple intelligences

Answer 15

7 types: linguistic, musical, logical-mathmatical, spaital, bodily-kinesthetic, intra/interpersonal

Question 16

guilfords divergent & convergent thinking

Answer 16

convergent: zeroing in on single correct solution for problem ex. 2 + 2 = 4
- temporal and parietal lesions affected
divergent: searches for multiple solutions to a problem
- frontal lobe lesions affected

Question 17

Hebbs intelligence A and B

Answer 17

A: innate intellectual potential, heritable
B: observed intelligence infleunced by experience and measured by tests

Question 18

2 implications of intelligence A and B

Answer 18

1. postnatal experience can enhance developement of iB
   undersourced environment can hinder developement of iB
2. synaptic organization is key: experience influences

Question 19

consciousness

Answer 19

convergence of many processes

- adaptive advantage

Question 20

dissociating consciousness: jeannerod

Answer 20

dissociation b/w motor behavior and conscious awareness

- subjects made movements before they were aware of them

Question 21

process information without being aware

Answer 21

blindsight, visual form, visual neglect, amnesia

Question 22

conscious awareness of imaginary events

Answer 22

phantom limbs, hallucinations