lecture 3

Question 1

how is the SNS monitered and controled

Answer 1

cranial nerves- brain (exiting skull)

spinal nerves- spinal cord (entering skull)

Question 2

functions of cranial nerves

Answer 2

receive input from heads sensory organs
control facial movements
maintain autonmic functions
- can have both afferant and efferent functions or both

Question 3

afferent

Answer 3

sensory inputs

Question 4

efferent

Answer 4

motor control

Question 5

spinal nerve

Answer 5

5 regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
both sensory and motor nerves
- segments are interconnected

Question 6

dermatome

Answer 6

each region of the spinal cord controls its own segment of body

Question 7

dorsal/ventral spinal nerves

Answer 7

dorsal - afferant
- carry info from sensory receptors to spinal cord
ventral fibers- efferent
- carry info from spinal cord to muscles

Question 8

law of bell and magendie

Answer 8

dorsal is sensory and ventral is motor

- one of the few laws of NS

Question 9

divisions of autonomic nervous system

Answer 9

purpose is to balance internal functions

1. sympathetic: fight or flight
2. parasympathetic: rest and digest

Question 10

enteric nervous system

Answer 10

controls bowel motility, secretion and blood flow

• connect with brain through vagus nerve
• may influence behavior and mood through gut microbiome

Question 11

psychobiotics

Answer 11

live microorganisms used to treat behavioral disorders

Question 12

principle 1 of NS function

Answer 12

NS produces movements within a perceptual world the brain constructs

• reality is an approximation of what is present
• brain produces reality adaptive for species to survive

Question 13

P2

Answer 13

neuroplasticity is the hallmark for NS functioning

• experience alters organization
• information is only stored if neural connections change

Question 14

p3

Answer 14

many brain circuits are crossed

- contralaterallity

Question 15

p4

Answer 15

CNS functions on multiple levels

- as animals become more complex they built upon simpler structures

Question 16

p5

Answer 16

brain is symmetrical and asymmetrical

Question 17

p6

Answer 17

brain systems are organized hierarchially and in paralell

Question 18

p7

Answer 18

sensory and motor divisions permeate the NS

ex. dorsal and ventral spinal cord

Question 19

p8

Answer 19

brain divides sensory input for object recognition and motor control

• diff systems for producing movements to objects and recognizing them
  ex. dorsal and ventral processing streams in visual system

Question 20

p9

Answer 20

brain functions are localized and distributed
- a small injury could impair some aspect of language funcitoning but requires a widespread injury to remove all of language

Question 21

p10

Answer 21

the NS works by juxtaposing excitation and inhibitino

- must both make and prevent movements