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MB351 > Lecture 5-7 Microscopy > Flashcards

Lecture 5-7 Microscopy Flashcards

1
Q

Number of nanometers in a micrometer

A

1000

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1
Q

Average size of bacteria

A

1-2 micrometers (1000-2000 nanometers)

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2
Q

Unit of size for viruses

A

nanometers

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3
Q

Number of micrometers in a milimeter

A

1000

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4
Q

Number of lenses a simple microscope has

A

1

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5
Q

What a light microscope uses to observe things

A

light

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6
Q

Number of lenses a compound microscope uses

A

2

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7
Q

Type of light microscope most commonly used in labs

A

brightfield microscopy

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8
Q

Purpose of ocular lens

A

the eyepiece; remagnifies image (10x, 20x)

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9
Q

Purpose of objective lens

A

primary lens that magnifies the specimen (1x - 100x)

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10
Q

Purpose of the stage

A

holds microscope slide in position

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11
Q

Purpose of condesner

A

focuses light through specimen

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12
Q

Purpose of diaphragm

A

controls the amount of light entering condenser

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13
Q

Purpose of illuminator

A

the light source

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14
Q

Total magnification =

A

objective lens x ocular lens

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15
Q

Resolution

A

ability to distinguish between two adjacent objects; very very important

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16
Q

Resolution of compound light microscope

A

0.2 micrometers

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17
Q

Shorter wavelengths of light =

A

greater resolution

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18
Q

Refraction

A

bending of light through different substances

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19
Q

Need immersion oil when

A

using a magnification above 100x

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20
Q

Purpose of immersion oild

A

helps capture beam of light and prevents it from bending off

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21
Q

Bright field microscopy is best for

A

fixed, stained specimens

22
Q

Dark field microscopy is best for

A

unstained, live specimens

23
Q

Phase contrast is best for

A

unstained, live, and moving specimens

24
Q

Fluorescence Microscopy

A

using UV light to visualize locations and patterns, specimen is dead

25
Q

Confocal Microscopy

A

using multiple images all put together, gives 3D image

26
Q

Purpose of contrast

A

provides a better final image through staining

27
Q

Dyes

A

organic compounds that bind to specific cellular materials; usually basic/cationic to bind with negatively charged cell components

28
Q

3 types of stains

A

simple, differential, special

29
Q

Simple stain

A

use of a single basic dye; used to visualize cell structure and arrangement

30
Q

Differential stain

A

separates bacteria into groups

31
Q

2 types of differential stains

A

gram and acid fast stains

32
Q

Purpose of a gram stain

A

classify bacteria as either Gram-positive or Gram-negative

33
Q

Bacteria easily killed by antibiotics

A

Gram-positive

34
Q

Bacteria more resistant to antibiotics

A

Gram-negative

35
Q

Bacteria that appear blue/purple after gram stain

A

Gram-positive

36
Q

Bacteria that appear red/pink after gram stain

A

Gram-negative

37
Q

Downside of gram staining

A

kills bacteria cells

38
Q

Purpose of acid-fast stain

A

identifies bacteria that have a waxy cell wall (ex. Mycobacteria & Nocardia)

39
Q

Mycolic acid

A

waxy lipid material that makes up waxy cell walls

40
Q

Color of acid-fast stains

41
Q

Purpose of special stains

A

to stain special structures

42
Q

Stain for flagella

A

carbol fuschin

43
Q

Stain for capsules

44
Q

Stain for endospores

A

malachite green

45
Q

What electron microscopes use

A

electron beams

46
Q

Resolution of an electron microscope (TEM)

A

0.2 nanometers

47
Q

2 types of electron microscopes

A

transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscopy

48
Q

Purpose of TEM

A

images internal structures of cell, need thin slices of the specimen

49
Q

Purpose of SEM

A

provides 3D image-surface of cell

50
Q

Negative staining

A

stain used in electron microscopy to reveal the texture of the outside of cells, viruses, and isolate sub cellular organelles

51
Q

Resolution of electron microscope (SEM)

MB351 (21 decks)

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