Lecture 11-13 Prokaryotic Internal Structures

Question 1

Does the plasma membrane of a prokaryote have carbohydrates?

Answer 1

no

Question 2

Has smaller ribosomes

Answer 2

prokaryotes

Question 3

Size of the ribosomes in a prokaryote

Answer 3

70s

Question 4

The plasma membrane of a prokaryote is a

Answer 4

fluid mosaic model

Question 5

Three functions of the plasma membrane

Answer 5

selective permeability, anchor for enzymes, has microbial energy generating processes

Question 6

Does the membrane allows in small hydrophobic molecules and small uncharged hydrophilic molecules?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

The membrane does not allow

Answer 7

large uncharged hydrophilic molecules and ions

Question 8

Exoenzymes

Answer 8

enzymes made within the cell and released to begin the process of extracellular digestion

Question 9

Exoenzymes that hydrolyze carbohydrates

Answer 9

amylases

Question 10

Exoenzymes that hydrolyze lipids

Answer 10

lipasesE

Question 11

Exoenzymes that hydrolyze proteins

Answer 11

proteases

Question 12

How much of the weight of the cell is the cytoplasm?

Answer 12

70%

Question 13

Nucleoid

Answer 13

where the concentration of DNA is within the cytoplasm

Question 14

Two parts of a ribosome

Answer 14

50s subunit and 30s subunit

Question 15

What the ribosome is mostly composed of

Answer 15

small ribosomal proteins embedded or attached to the surface and rRNA

Question 16

Three parts of the 50s subunit

Answer 16

23s rRNA and 5s rRNA and lots of proteins

Question 17

Two parts of the 30s subunit

Answer 17

16s rRNA and lots of proteins

Question 18

Job of the 50s subunit

Answer 18

forms peptide bond between amino acids

Question 19

Job of the 30s subunit

Answer 19

lines up mRNA, tRNA, and ribosome at the start codon

Question 20

Why are ribosomes a good target for antibiotics?

Answer 20

have structural differences that are different from eukaryotic cells

Question 21

The complete genetic information of an organisms

Answer 21

genome

Question 22

Describe the chromosome of a prokaryote

Answer 22

singular, closed, and circular

Question 23

Two important points on a bacterial chromosome

Answer 23

origin of replication and terminus

Question 24

plasmids

Answer 24

small, often circular, DNA molecules

Question 25

Plasmids typically encode

Answer 25

non-essential genes

Question 26

Three capabilities of a plasmid

Answer 26

antibiotic resistance (can be transferred between species), degradative pathways, conjugation (bacterial sex)

Question 27

Why are plasmids important in genetic engineering?

Answer 27

can be engineered to carry other DNA

Question 28

Sulfur globules

Answer 28

used as an energy source

Question 29

Magnetosomes

Answer 29

allow the cel to distinguish north from south, helpful in the water column

Question 30

Volutin granuales

Answer 30

stores polyphosphate to use as an energy source and in the DNA backbone

Question 31

Gas vesicles

Answer 31

provide buoyancy to aquatic prokaryotic cells

Question 32

Endospores

Answer 32

inactive, highly dehydrates bacterial cells that are dormant due to undesirable conditions

Question 33

Endospores are resistant to

Answer 33

heat, UV, chemical stress, and dehydration

Question 34

How do endospores return to a vegetative state?

Answer 34

germentation

Question 35

How long can endospores be dormant for?

Answer 35

thousands of years