Lecture 26 Microbial Taxonomy Flashcards
Cells, organelles (like mitochondria and chloroplasts), and all major metabolic pathways evolved from ____
early prokaryotic cells
Common system of classification that has been recently debunked by phylogenetic data.
the Five Kingdom System
Common system of classification based on phylogenetic data
the Three Domain System
What are the three domains of life?
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Endosymbiotic theory
the theory that cell organelles such as the chloroplast and mitochondrion arrised from the engulfing of prokaryotic bacteria
Information that supports the endosymbiotic theory
mitochondria have their own DNA, ribosomes, fission method, and have two membranes
Three domains: cell wall
archaea have no peptidoglycan, bacteria have peptidoglycan, eukarya have carbohydrates
Three domains: membrane lipids
archaea have branched carbon chains, bacteria have straight carbon chains, eukarya have straight carbon chains
Three domains: first amino acid in protein sysnthesis
archaea use methionine, bacteria use formylmethionine, eukarya use methionine
Taxonomy
the science of identifying, naming, and organizing living organisms into systems of classification
Why is taxonomy important?
provides a reference for identifying organisms, provides universal names for organisms, organizes organisms into categories
Phenotype
analysis of physical attributes
Examples of phenotype analysis
morphology, gram reaction, biochemical, nutritional, physiological, pH, antibiotic sensitibity
Genotypic
analysis of the genome
Examples of genotypic analysis
GC content, plasmid analysis, DNA fingerprinting, DNA hybridization, gene sequence analysis (whole & 16rRNA analysis, conserved genes analysis, multigene analysis)
