Lecture 21 Microbial Metabolism Basics Flashcards
Metabolic diversity
the ability for microbes to utalize various sources
Chemotrophophy
the use of chemicals as energy sources
Chemoheterotrophs
use organic chemicals (glucose) as energy
Chemolithotrophs
use inorganic chemicals as energy
Oxidative
catabolic reactions that transfer energy from complex molecules to ATP (breakdown)
Reductive
anabolic reactions that transfer energy from ATP to complex molecules (build)
Catabolism
the degradation of lipids, proteins, etc to a small number of intermediates
Anabolism
the synthesis of biopolymers from the same number of intermediates
Gain of electrons
reduction
Loss of electrons
oxidation
NAD+ is ____ to NADH + H+
reduced
Three mechanisms for ATP production
substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, photophosphorylation
ADP
adenosine diphosphate
Basic mechanism for ATP production
Adenosine-P-P + Energy + P –> Adenosine-P-P-P
Substrate-level phosphorylation
occur when a “high-energy” phosphate containing molecule transfers a phosphate to ADP in a enzyme-mediated chemical reaction to form ATP
Simplest method of ATP production
substrate-level phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
energy released from transfer of electrons of one compound to another is used to generate ATP in the ETC
Two ways in which microbes can breakdown glucose to release energy
cellular respiration or fermentation
Steps of cellular respiration
- glycolysis
- krebs cycle
- electron transport chain
Steps of fermentation
- glycolysis
- fermentative pathways
Glycolysis
the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid to produce ATP and NADH
Preparatory stage of glycolysis
2 ATP are used to split glucose to form two 3 carbon molecules
Energy-conserving stage of glycolysis
2 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate oxidized to two pyruvic acid to produce 4 ATP and 2 NADH
What does glycolysis use to generate ATP?
substrate level phosphorylation
