Lecture 5-6

Question 1

T or F: Majority of the lipid-soluble compounds are reabsorbed in the tubular.

Answer 1

True. because lipid-soluble compounds can easily pass through plasma membranes.

Question 2

How to calculate the total body clearance?

Answer 2

CL= CLrenal+CLhep+CLother

Question 3

How much time it take to eliminate the biological activity of the drug?

Answer 3

4 times the half-life

Question 4

First order kinetics

Answer 4

Constant fraction metabolized per unit of time.

Elimination directly proportional to its plasma concentration & dependent on its half-life.

Question 5

Half-life

Answer 5

is 50% of the active drug that disappear from the plasma in a amount of time.

Question 6

Zero order kinetics

Answer 6

Constant amount metabolized per unit of time.

Question 7

T or F: First order kinetics will sometimes switch over to zero order kinetics.

Answer 7

True. Because you no longer have the spare enzymes to metabolize the drug. ex. overdose condition (enzyme are not abundant enough or too saturated)

Question 8

T or F: The standard for reaching the steady state is >4 half-life.

Answer 8

True. it starts to cycle within a reasonable steady state. Always take the same time to plateau.

Question 9

4 types of drug receptors

Answer 9

Ion channels
G-protein coupled receoptor
Enzyme-linked receptors (Tyrosine Kinase receptors)
intracellular receptors

Question 10

T or F: GPCRs are mainly involved in drugs acting on the ANS (adrenergic receptor)

Answer 10

True.

Question 11

LGICs and GPCRs subtypes focus on this class

Answer 11

LGICs:
Nicotinic
GABA
Glutamate
Serotonin

GPCRs:
Opioid

Question 12

Kd is

Answer 12

affinity constant (concentration of drug that bind half of the receptors.)

Question 13

Low Kd is high or low affinity?

Answer 13

High affinity (bc need least concentration of the drug to bind to the half of the receptor)

Question 14

Potency vs Efficacy

Answer 14

Potency is the amount of drug needed to produce an effect of a given magnitude.
Efficacy is the maximal effect produced by the drug.

Question 15

T or F: a partial agonist could become a full agonist if there are enough spare receptors

Answer 15

True.

Question 16

4 physiological different involve in the drug response in different age groups.

Answer 16

Total body water
Fraction of the body that is lipid
change in liver metabolism
The capacity for renal drug elimination.

Question 17

Rapidly vs slow diffusing drug on the foetus

Answer 17

Rapid will easily get to the fetus after mom taked.

Slow will get to the fetus over time but take LONGER to leave the fetal compartment.

Question 18

Grey baby syndrome

Answer 18

Syndrome related to accumulation of Chloramphenicol. (Without glucuronyl transferase, cannot eliminated and accumulated. It affect mitochondrial function and serious toxicity.)

Question 19

Elimination of bilirubin by

Answer 19

Glucuronyl transferase enzymes.

Question 20

Thalidomide use in 1960 to tx nausea during pregnancy cause in the children born:

Answer 20

Phocomelia (arm/leg defects)

Question 21

The use of Alcohol during pregnancy can have as consequence:

Answer 21

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)