Ethanol Flashcards
Increase of dose of alcohol effect on the CNS
dehinibition sedation hypnosis general anaesthesia coma death
5 major concepts of CNS depressant
- Addictive effects when combined
- Can’t reverse with stimulants
- General depressants are NOT totally general (diff. categories of CNS depressant, outcome the same but somewhat different)
- Chronic use–> Rebound excitation if STOP
- ALL TOLERANCE (cross-tolerance)
High ethanol concentration affect
involontary system
GABA A receptor is
LIGAND-GATED ION (CHLORIDE) CHANNEL with 2 binding sites for GABA (major inhibitory receptor in the brain)
GABA
natural agonist of GABA A receptor
When GABA bind..
Chloride go in and hyperpolarize the cell = Inhibitory event
Ethanol role inhibitory pathway
Ethanol release glycine and bind to GABA A receptor
Ethanol role excitatory pathway
Ethanol BLOCK NMDA receptor (block GLUTAMATE transmission)
AVD of ethanol
approximately equal to the total body water
Ethanol metabolized by
Phase I: 80% by Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
Phase II: Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2)
Female greater risk of over alcohol consumption bc
total body water 55% (lower than man)
ADH in the gastric mucosa (lower than man)
Human ADH structure
DIMER with 6 potential subunits
Acetaldehyde
TOXIC at high level
Disulfiram
Block breakdown of Acetaldehyde (use to stop chronic alcholism
50% Asian and other origins have..
LESS ACTIVE FORM of ALDH
Neurodegeneration due to
vitamin B deficiency
Ethanol affect different part of the brain:
Cortex for judgment
Hippocampus and cerebellum for memory and coordination
Affect vision and reward pathway
Decrease in serotonin neurotransmission lead to:
impulsiveness and aggression (behavioral effect)
Emptying rate of the stomach is related to the rate of absorption.
Emptying rate is increased when?
Emptying rate is decreased when?
Increase emptying/absorption by carbonation (consuming corbonated breuvage)
Decrease emptying/absorption by food (particularly lipid)
High level of ADH is found in:
gastric mucosa
Fatty liver is reversible or irreversible?
reversible if stop drinking
Fibrosis is reversible or irreversible?
Irreversible step even if stop drinking.
Chronic Ethanol tolerance pharmacodynamics is related to:
Higher rate of NMDA receptor (upregulation) bc ethanol inhibits excitatory NMDA glutamate.
