Ethanol

Question 1

Increase of dose of alcohol effect on the CNS

Answer 1

dehinibition
sedation
hypnosis
general anaesthesia
coma
death

Question 2

5 major concepts of CNS depressant

Answer 2

1. Addictive effects when combined
2. Can’t reverse with stimulants
3. General depressants are NOT totally general (diff. categories of CNS depressant, outcome the same but somewhat different)
4. Chronic use–> Rebound excitation if STOP
5. ALL TOLERANCE (cross-tolerance)

Question 3

High ethanol concentration affect

Answer 3

involontary system

Question 4

GABA A receptor is

Answer 4

LIGAND-GATED ION (CHLORIDE) CHANNEL with 2 binding sites for GABA (major inhibitory receptor in the brain)

Question 5

GABA

Answer 5

natural agonist of GABA A receptor

Question 6

When GABA bind..

Answer 6

Chloride go in and hyperpolarize the cell = Inhibitory event

Question 7

Ethanol role inhibitory pathway

Answer 7

Ethanol release glycine and bind to GABA A receptor

Question 8

Ethanol role excitatory pathway

Answer 8

Ethanol BLOCK NMDA receptor (block GLUTAMATE transmission)

Question 9

AVD of ethanol

Answer 9

approximately equal to the total body water

Question 10

Ethanol metabolized by

Answer 10

Phase I: 80% by Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)

Phase II: Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2)

Question 11

Female greater risk of over alcohol consumption bc

Answer 11

total body water 55% (lower than man)

ADH in the gastric mucosa (lower than man)

Question 12

Human ADH structure

Answer 12

DIMER with 6 potential subunits

Question 13

Acetaldehyde

Answer 13

TOXIC at high level

Question 14

Disulfiram

Answer 14

Block breakdown of Acetaldehyde (use to stop chronic alcholism

Question 15

50% Asian and other origins have..

Answer 15

LESS ACTIVE FORM of ALDH

Question 16

Neurodegeneration due to

Answer 16

vitamin B deficiency

Question 17

Ethanol affect different part of the brain:

Answer 17

Cortex for judgment
Hippocampus and cerebellum for memory and coordination
Affect vision and reward pathway

Question 18

Decrease in serotonin neurotransmission lead to:

Answer 18

impulsiveness and aggression (behavioral effect)

Question 19

Emptying rate of the stomach is related to the rate of absorption.
Emptying rate is increased when?
Emptying rate is decreased when?

Answer 19

Increase emptying/absorption by carbonation (consuming corbonated breuvage)
Decrease emptying/absorption by food (particularly lipid)

Question 20

High level of ADH is found in:

Answer 20

gastric mucosa

Question 21

Fatty liver is reversible or irreversible?

Answer 21

reversible if stop drinking

Question 22

Fibrosis is reversible or irreversible?

Answer 22

Irreversible step even if stop drinking.

Question 23

Chronic Ethanol tolerance pharmacodynamics is related to:

Answer 23

Higher rate of NMDA receptor (upregulation) bc ethanol inhibits excitatory NMDA glutamate.