Lecture 5

Question 1

Three bones in middle ear

Answer 1

malleus
incus
stapes

Question 2

what is attenuation reflex

Answer 2

helps protect ear against damaging sounds
tensor tympani (attached to malleus) and stapedius muscle (Attached to stapes) --> pull stapes away from oval wind which dec vibrations sent to cochlea

Question 3

scala vestibuli has perilymph true or false?

Answer 3

true

Question 4

which window meets the scala media at the base of the cochlea

Answer 4

round window

Question 5

which window meets the scala tympani at the base of the cochlea

Answer 5

oval window

Question 6

which membrane separates scala vestibuli from scala media

Answer 6

reissner’s membrane

Question 7

which membrane separates scala tympani from scala media

Answer 7

basilar membrane

Question 8

scala media is high in perilymph, true or false

Answer 8

false- endolymph (high in K+)

Question 9

where is helicotrema found?

Fn?

Answer 9

apex of cochlea

fn: connect scala vesitbuli to tympani and move fluid through

Question 10

where is spinal ganglion of ear located?

Answer 10

modiolus

Question 11

fn of outer hair cells

Answer 11

sharpen frequency response of cochlea

Question 12

what is place code

Answer 12

basically, the position in basilar membrane determines strength of frequency…
close to base, higher frequency
closer to apex, lower frequency

Question 13

what are tip links

Answer 13

connect the sterocilia together

Question 14

what are tuning curves

Answer 14

response of auditory n fibers to different sound frequencies

Question 15

what is characteristic frequency

Answer 15

frequency with LOWEST threshold for a response form auditory nerve

Question 16

what does dorsal cochlear nuclei analyze

Answer 16

frequency and patterns of sound

Question 17

what does ventral cochlear nucleus analyze

Answer 17

timing and directional source

Question 18

what does superior olive nucleus analyze

Answer 18

timing and directional source

Question 19

what do nuclei of lateral lemniscus analyze

Answer 19

monaural sound info: sound onset + sound duration

Question 20

fn of auditory cortex

Answer 20

consciously perceive sound

Question 21

which SO do sounds waves below 3 kHz go to

Answer 21

MSO

Question 22

which SO do sounds waves above 3 kHz go to

Answer 22

LSO

Question 23

coincidence detectors respond best when

Answer 23

signals from both ears arrive at the same time

(each ear might get sound input at a different time because of differences in axons length…so stimulus hitting ears at diff times but arriving to SO at same time)

Question 24

via what is the contralateral LSO inhibited

Answer 24

medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB)

Question 25

wernickes area is part of which auditory cortex

Answer 25

secondary auditory cortex