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Neuroanatomy-spring'16 > Lecture 12-emotions > Flashcards

Lecture 12-emotions Flashcards

1
Q

two types of emotion

A 
emotional response (expression)
emotional experience
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2
Q

which parts does emotional response involve

A

Somatic Motor system
visceral motor system (ANS)
secretary hypothalamus

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3
Q

what brain structure does emotional experience involve

A

Cortex

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4
Q

right M1 lesion results in

A

voluntary- asymmetrical smile

involuntary- symmetrical smile

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5
Q

left cingulate lesion

A

voluntary- symmetrical smile

involuntary- asymmetrical smile

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6
Q

what pathways do voluntary movements involve?
from?
nuerons?

A

descending pyramidal and apyrammidal

from: motor cortex and BS
nuerons: motor neurons

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7
Q

what pathways do non-voluntary movements involve
from?
nuerons?

A

descending pyramidal

from: ventro-medial forebrain and hypothalamus
neurons: autonomic preganglionic neurons

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8
Q

3 components of expression and experience of emotion

A
  1. limbic system
  2. ventral straitum
  3. prefrontal cortex
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9
Q

fn of limbic system

A

emotions and forming memories related to those emotions

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10
Q

fn of ventral straitum

A

pleasure and reward

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11
Q

fn of prefrontal cortex

A

cognitive control of emotion

regulation of emotion

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12
Q

which brain structures are part of the limbic system

A

amygdala
insula
anterior cingulate cortex
hypothalamus

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13
Q

fn of amygdala in emotion

A

emotional intensity
importance of emotion experience + response
fear

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14
Q

fn of insula in emotion

A

emotional/autonomic connection
disgust
bodily experience of emotion

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15
Q

fn of ACC in emotion

A

attn
motivation
conscious subjective emotional experience

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16
Q

fn of hypothalamus in emotion

A

emotional expression (i.e. inc HR + BP…face flushing)

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17
Q

cortices involved in prefrontal cortex control of emotion

A

orbitofrontal cortex
ventromedial prefrontal cortex
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

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18
Q

fn of orbitofrontal cortex

A

reward and punishment

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19
Q

fn of ventromedial prefrontal cortex

A

postive and negative affective states (sadnes, happines)

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20
Q

fn of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

A

acting on feelings

interaction of cognitive and emotional processing

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21
Q

what two structures make up the limbic lobe (hint: they are both gyri)

A

cingulate gyrus

parahippocampal gyrus

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22
Q

Papez circuit FN

A

connect cortex with hypothalamus

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23
Q

Papez circuit pathway

A
  1. mammillary bodies
  2. anterior thalamic nucleus
  3. cingulate gyrus
  4. hippocampus via fornix
  5. hypothalamus
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24
Q

limbic system includes?

A

papez circuit +

  1. orbital and prefrontal cortices
  2. amygdala
  3. mediodorsal thalamic nucleus
  4. ventral parts of Basal ganglia
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25
Q

what is sham rage

A

expression of anger/fear WITHOUT stimulus

26
Q

sham rage is a result of the disconnection of ____ to ____

A

posterior hypothalamus to cerebral cortex

27
Q

the cortex is required for emotional (expression or experience)

A

experience

28
Q

basic circuits for emotional expression are found in which brain structure?

A

1) diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, olfactory bulbs)

2) brainstem

29
Q

what part of the brain inhibits the posterior hypothalamus (which is responsible for expression of anger/aggression)

A

telencephalon

30
Q

stimulation of medial hypothalamus results in

A

affective aggression

stimulating sympathetic system

31
Q

stimulation of lateral hypothalamus results in

A

predatory aggression (sympathetic system NOT stimulated)

32
Q

pathway medial hypothalamus starting from cortex

A
  1. cortex
  2. amygdala
  3. medial hypothalamus
  4. DLF
  5. PAG
33
Q

pathway lateral hypothalamus starting from cortex

A
  1. cortex
  2. amygdala
  3. lateral hypothalamus
  4. MFB (medial forebrain bundle)
  5. VTA
34
Q

if other regions of hypothalamus are generated (not lateral or medial), what response results?

A

responses characteristic of homeostasis

35
Q

if the hypothalamus is removed, aggression is reduced? T/F

A

False- amygdala

36
Q

amygdala links (a) with (b+c)

A

(a) cortex regions that process sensory info

(b) hypothalamus + BS effector system
(c) cognitive system

37
Q

hypothalamus and BS effector system controlled by amygdala is responsible for what fn?

A

fight or flight

38
Q

cognitive system controlled by by hypothalamus responsible for?

A

combine emotional significance of a sensory stimulus to guide behavior

39
Q

4 major functions of amygdala

A

emotional reactivity
emotional perception
emotional learning
emotional salience

40
Q

results of kluver-bucy syndrome

what parts of brain are removed?

A

remove amygdala, hippocampus, temporal lobes

problems in visual recognition
hypersexuality
dont recognize fear
flattened emotional response

41
Q

what issue with emotional learning do ppl without an amygdala have

A

cant do classical conditioning of fear

42
Q

what is emotional salience

A

expressing appropriate emotional response to stimulus

43
Q 
lesion to amygdala....what happens to: 
emotional reactivity
emotional perception 
emotional learning
emotional salience
A

emotional reactivity: kluver-bucy syndrom
emotional perception: cant recognize fear
emotional learning: no classical conditioning in response to fear
emotional salience: emotional response is equal for all stimuli

44
Q

3 nuclei of amygdala

A

medial
basolateral
central

45
Q

input of medial nucleus of amygdala

A

olfactory

46
Q

input of basolateral nucleus of amygdala

A

orbital prefrontal cortex
medial prefrontal cortex
anterior temporal cortex

(emotional response)

47
Q

input of central nucleus of amygdala

A

hypothalamus and brainstem

ANS response

48
Q

insula has input to?

A

amygdala
orbito-frontal cortex
motor cortex
ventral striatum

49
Q

insula receives input from

A

thalamus

amygdala

50
Q

what does ACC connect

A

frontal + cognitive cortices with limbic emotional regions

51
Q

two pleasure systems

A

anticipatory (wanting)

consummatory (liking)

52
Q

what parts of brain does anticipatory system use?

what is it called?

A

prefrontal cortex
VTA
nucleus accumbens

mesolimbic DA sysem

53
Q

what parts of brain does consummatory system use?

what is/are this system called?

A

nucleus accumbens
ventral pallidum

opiate and serotonergic

54
Q

what type of neurons does the VTA have

A

DA and serotonin

55
Q

which two major pathways is the VTA part of?

what type of pathways are these? (DA or seratinergic)

A

mesolimbic
mesocortical

DA pathways

56
Q

what does mesolimbic connect

A

VTA to nucleus accumbens

57
Q

what does mesocortical connect

A

VTA to frontal cortex

58
Q

4 steps in emotional regulation

A
  1. stimulus
  2. understanding the stimulus
  3. deciding what response to exhibit
  4. response
59
Q

asymmetrical voluntary smile and symmetrical involuntary smile is characteristic of which type of lesion

A

right M1 lesion

60
Q

symmetrical voluntary smile and asymmetrical involuntary smile is characteristic of which type of lesion

A

left cingulate lesion

Neuroanatomy-spring'16 (18 decks)

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