Lecture 12-emotions Flashcards
two types of emotion
emotional response (expression) emotional experience
which parts does emotional response involve
Somatic Motor system
visceral motor system (ANS)
secretary hypothalamus
what brain structure does emotional experience involve
Cortex
right M1 lesion results in
voluntary- asymmetrical smile
involuntary- symmetrical smile
left cingulate lesion
voluntary- symmetrical smile
involuntary- asymmetrical smile
what pathways do voluntary movements involve?
from?
nuerons?
descending pyramidal and apyrammidal
from: motor cortex and BS
nuerons: motor neurons
what pathways do non-voluntary movements involve
from?
nuerons?
descending pyramidal
from: ventro-medial forebrain and hypothalamus
neurons: autonomic preganglionic neurons
3 components of expression and experience of emotion
- limbic system
- ventral straitum
- prefrontal cortex
fn of limbic system
emotions and forming memories related to those emotions
fn of ventral straitum
pleasure and reward
fn of prefrontal cortex
cognitive control of emotion
regulation of emotion
which brain structures are part of the limbic system
amygdala
insula
anterior cingulate cortex
hypothalamus
fn of amygdala in emotion
emotional intensity
importance of emotion experience + response
fear
fn of insula in emotion
emotional/autonomic connection
disgust
bodily experience of emotion
fn of ACC in emotion
attn
motivation
conscious subjective emotional experience
fn of hypothalamus in emotion
emotional expression (i.e. inc HR + BP…face flushing)
cortices involved in prefrontal cortex control of emotion
orbitofrontal cortex
ventromedial prefrontal cortex
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
fn of orbitofrontal cortex
reward and punishment
fn of ventromedial prefrontal cortex
postive and negative affective states (sadnes, happines)
fn of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
acting on feelings
interaction of cognitive and emotional processing
what two structures make up the limbic lobe (hint: they are both gyri)
cingulate gyrus
parahippocampal gyrus
Papez circuit FN
connect cortex with hypothalamus
Papez circuit pathway
- mammillary bodies
- anterior thalamic nucleus
- cingulate gyrus
- hippocampus via fornix
- hypothalamus
limbic system includes?
papez circuit +
- orbital and prefrontal cortices
- amygdala
- mediodorsal thalamic nucleus
- ventral parts of Basal ganglia
what is sham rage
expression of anger/fear WITHOUT stimulus
sham rage is a result of the disconnection of ____ to ____
posterior hypothalamus to cerebral cortex
the cortex is required for emotional (expression or experience)
experience
basic circuits for emotional expression are found in which brain structure?
1) diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, olfactory bulbs)
2) brainstem
what part of the brain inhibits the posterior hypothalamus (which is responsible for expression of anger/aggression)
telencephalon
stimulation of medial hypothalamus results in
affective aggression
stimulating sympathetic system
stimulation of lateral hypothalamus results in
predatory aggression (sympathetic system NOT stimulated)
pathway medial hypothalamus starting from cortex
- cortex
- amygdala
- medial hypothalamus
- DLF
- PAG
pathway lateral hypothalamus starting from cortex
- cortex
- amygdala
- lateral hypothalamus
- MFB (medial forebrain bundle)
- VTA
if other regions of hypothalamus are generated (not lateral or medial), what response results?
responses characteristic of homeostasis
if the hypothalamus is removed, aggression is reduced? T/F
False- amygdala
amygdala links (a) with (b+c)
(a) cortex regions that process sensory info
(b) hypothalamus + BS effector system
(c) cognitive system
hypothalamus and BS effector system controlled by amygdala is responsible for what fn?
fight or flight
cognitive system controlled by by hypothalamus responsible for?
combine emotional significance of a sensory stimulus to guide behavior
4 major functions of amygdala
emotional reactivity
emotional perception
emotional learning
emotional salience
results of kluver-bucy syndrome
what parts of brain are removed?
remove amygdala, hippocampus, temporal lobes
problems in visual recognition
hypersexuality
dont recognize fear
flattened emotional response
what issue with emotional learning do ppl without an amygdala have
cant do classical conditioning of fear
what is emotional salience
expressing appropriate emotional response to stimulus
lesion to amygdala....what happens to: emotional reactivity emotional perception emotional learning emotional salience
emotional reactivity: kluver-bucy syndrom
emotional perception: cant recognize fear
emotional learning: no classical conditioning in response to fear
emotional salience: emotional response is equal for all stimuli
3 nuclei of amygdala
medial
basolateral
central
input of medial nucleus of amygdala
olfactory
input of basolateral nucleus of amygdala
orbital prefrontal cortex
medial prefrontal cortex
anterior temporal cortex
(emotional response)
input of central nucleus of amygdala
hypothalamus and brainstem
ANS response
insula has input to?
amygdala
orbito-frontal cortex
motor cortex
ventral striatum
insula receives input from
thalamus
amygdala
what does ACC connect
frontal + cognitive cortices with limbic emotional regions
two pleasure systems
anticipatory (wanting)
consummatory (liking)
what parts of brain does anticipatory system use?
what is it called?
prefrontal cortex
VTA
nucleus accumbens
mesolimbic DA sysem
what parts of brain does consummatory system use?
what is/are this system called?
nucleus accumbens
ventral pallidum
opiate and serotonergic
what type of neurons does the VTA have
DA and serotonin
which two major pathways is the VTA part of?
what type of pathways are these? (DA or seratinergic)
mesolimbic
mesocortical
DA pathways
what does mesolimbic connect
VTA to nucleus accumbens
what does mesocortical connect
VTA to frontal cortex
4 steps in emotional regulation
- stimulus
- understanding the stimulus
- deciding what response to exhibit
- response
asymmetrical voluntary smile and symmetrical involuntary smile is characteristic of which type of lesion
right M1 lesion
symmetrical voluntary smile and asymmetrical involuntary smile is characteristic of which type of lesion
left cingulate lesion
