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Neuroanatomy-spring'16 > Lecture 3a-neurotransmission > Flashcards

Lecture 3a-neurotransmission Flashcards

1
Q

two types of synapses

A

electrical synapses

chemical synapses

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2
Q

electrical synapses are connected by?

A

connexons

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3
Q

three types of chemical CNS synapses

A

axodendritic
axoaxonic
axosomatic

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4
Q

axoaxonic connect what to what?

A

axon to axon which connects to a third axon cell body

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5
Q

axoaxonic synapses can act as _____

A

inhibitor/ activators

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6
Q

relationship between amines and neuropeptides

A

act as neuromodulators

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7
Q

3 criteria to define an NT

A
  1. NT is synthesized and stored in pre-synaptic terminal
  2. NT released in response to presynaptic depolarization in Ca++ dependent manner
  3. if NT is experimentally applied must have the SAME response as it would if it was released from a pre-synaptic terminal and up-taken by a post-synaptic
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8
Q

_______ are synthesized in the presynaptic terminal

A

amines + amino acids

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9
Q

______ are synthesized in the RER

A

neuropeptides

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10
Q

________ move via slow axonal transport

A

amines + amino acids

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11
Q

neuropeptides use vesicles for transport t/f?

A

false-use secretory granules

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12
Q

amino acids/amines move via slow axonal transport to the terminal. T/F?

A

false- neuropeptides do this

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13
Q

what type NT is degraded after release

A

neuropeptides

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14
Q

what type of NT is reuptaken into the next terminal after release

A

amino acids + amines

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15
Q

two methods for localizing NTs

ask yourself too, what they do/how used

A

in situ hybridization

immunoctyo-chemistry

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16
Q

two ways a NT can be dealt with after its released into synaptic cleft

A

reuptake

enzymatic destruction

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17
Q

2 types of postsynaptic receptors

A

ionotropic receptors

metabotropic receptors

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18
Q

what happens if NT isn’t cleared out of synaptic cleft

A

synapse might become desensitized to NT and stop responding to it

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19
Q

each receptor binds a specific NT and each NT may bind to only one specific receptor. T/F?

A

false- NT mau bind to a number of different receptors

i.e Ach-gate Na+ channel vs. Ach G-protein coupled K+ channel

20
Q

what does a receptor agonist do

A

mimics the effects of a NT

21
Q

what does a receptor antagonist do

A

prevents NT from binding

22
Q

nicotine is a (a) in relation to Ach

A

agonist

23
Q

curare is a (a) in relation to ach

A

antagonist

24
Q

nicotine receptors are in ____muscle?

A

skeletal muscle

25
Q

muscarine receptors are in ____muscle ?

A

heart

26
Q

muscarine is a ?

A

agonist

27
Q

atropine is a?

A

antagonist

28
Q

what are the two agonists for the Ach receptor

A

nicotine

muscarine

29
Q

what are the two antagonist for the ACh receptor

A

curare

atropine

30
Q

what three agonist can replace glutamate

and on which receptors

A

NMDA (nmda receptor)
kainate (kainate receptor)
AMPA (ampa receptor)

31
Q

what type of receptors does NE bind to

A

alpha and beta

32
Q

what receptors does GABA bind to

A

GABAa and GABAb

33
Q

3 ways to study receptors

A

1) neuro-pharmacoligcal anaylsis - uses agonist + antagonists
2) ligand-binding methods- use radio labeled ligands
3) molecular analysis - study protein molecules that make up receptors

34
Q

what ion (a) binds to which receptors (b) to cause what effect (c) in EPSP

A

a) Na+
b) Ach or glutamate-gated ion channels
c) depol

35
Q

what ion (a) binds to which receptors (b) to cause what effect (c) in IPSP

A

a) Cl-
b) glycine or GABA-gated ion channels
c) hyperpol

36
Q

where is the [ ] of Cl- greater, inside or outside cell

A

outside cell

37
Q

draw EPSP and IPSP graphs

A

see notes

38
Q

when internal resistance increases, λ ?

A

decreases

39
Q

when transmembrane resistance increases, λ?

A

increases

40
Q

describe shunting inhibition

A
  1. inhibitory synapse (is ) located usually near cell body
  2. excitation starts traveling down dendrite
  3. IS opens Cl- channels
  4. membrane resistance drops to -65 mv
  5. excitation shunted away
41
Q

describe modulation

A

see notes

42
Q

three types of EPSP summation

A

action potential (the norm)
spatial summation
temporal summation

43
Q

what is spatial summation

A

multiple excitations form different pre-synaptic axons on the same axon

44
Q

what is temporal summation

A

one pre-synaptic axon on one axon but AP follow one after the other

45
Q

what is convergence

A

multiple NTs come to together to effect one system

46
Q

what is divergence

A

one NT can activate multiple systems and elicit different responses

Neuroanatomy-spring'16 (18 decks)

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