Lecture #5 Flashcards
What does the term “emotion” refer to?
2pts
The term emotion refers to a conscious evaluative reaction to an event.
- Emotions are strong, singular feelings
What is the difference between emotion and mood?
2pts
Mood–> generalized affective state
Emotion –> toward a particular goal
What is the difference between affect and emotion in terms of speed?
2pts
Affect –> quick
Emotion –> slow
What is the common sense theory?
Give an example.
3pts
- Thoughts cause emotions
- Emotions cause behavior
Stimulus: See bear –> Emotion: Feel fear –> Behavior: Run away
His ideas spurred theorists to adopt a perspective that emotions are caused by changes in physiological processes in the body or brain.
Whose idea was this?
Darwin
Emotions are a direct result of physiological changes that occur automatically in response to a stimulus.
Emotions are the mind’s interpretation of the body’s response.
What theory is this and give an example.
2pts
James-Lange Theory
- Perception > Bodily changes > Emotion > Behavior
Bear > Hear rate increases, stomach clenches > fear > running away
James-Lange believed that different emotions are causes by different physiological responses in the body’s viscera.
What are the 4 emotions and where are they felt?
Sadness or grief: Felt in the heart
Fear: Felt in the stomach
Anger: Felt in the muscles, and increased temperature in the head
Embarrassment: Felt in the face
What was Cannon’s Emergency Theory of Emotions?
What did he believe about the thalamus?
5pts
- Believed that emotion is associated with the activation of the Sympathetic Nervous System
- Sensory information is sent to the thalamus
- Thalamus communicates with the cortex, which is usually holding the emotions in check
- If the cortex receives the appropriate information (bear!), then it releases the thalamus to trigger an emotion
- He believed that the thalamus was an important structure for emotion
- When energy is being used.
- Adrenaline, heart rate, blood flow, blood sugar levels all increase. Fight or flight.
What part of the Autonomic nervous system is this?
Sympathetic Nervous System
- When body is storing energy for future use.
- Heartrate lower, blood vessels dilate, salivary glands and intestines active.
What part of the Autonomic nervous system is this?
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Assert that emotions are caused by people’s thoughts and appraisals.
What type of theorist believed this?
Cognitive theorist
- Stimulus causes generalized physiological arousal.
- The brain searches for a reason for the arousal.
- The brain creates a cognitive label.
- Once the arousal is labeled, a specific emotion is experienced.
- Physiological change and cognitive labelling are required for the full experience of an emotion
What theory is this?
Give an example.
Schachter-Singer cognitive labeling theory
For example, if you’re in a dark alley and hear a loud noise, your heart might start racing and you might feel scared. But if you were at a concert and heard the same loud noise, you might feel excited instead. This is because the same physical sensation (increased heart rate) can be interpreted differently depending on the situation and the label your brain gives it.
What is the Lazarus’ Appraisal Theory?
Define the primary and secondary appraisal?
5pts
- Our emotions aren’t just about physical sensations; they’re also influenced by our thoughts and beliefs, and how we perceive the situation
- The primary appraisal is whether a stimulus is good, bad or irrelevant to our well-being
–> positive- happiness, joy
–> negative- fear and anger - The second is whether we have the ability to cope with the consequences of the event
–> can cope: decreased arousal and intensity of the emotion
–> can’t cope: maintain the same level or increase in the arousal and intensity of the emotion/emotion continues
The tendency for people to automatically prefer things that they have been exposed to before, even when this prior exposure occurs unconsciously.
What effect/concept is this and who created it?
Zajonc: The mere-exposure effect
the expressive movements of organisms.
What type of study is this?
Ethology
