Lecture 1 Flashcards
A neurosurgical procedure that severs connections to/in the prefrontal cortex.
The procedure was popular during the 1940s and 1950s for severe psychiatric disorders. It made patients docile and often (apparently) happier.
What procedure is this?
Lobotomies
What is the definition of motivation?
What does the Latin word motus mean?
The Latin word motus means move and was first used by Cicero who referred to the stirring or motion of the soul as motus animi
BLANK first used the word “motivation” in 1813 to describe the underlying processes that provide BLANK and BLANK for BLANK.
Fill in the blank
Schopenhauer, energy, direction, behaviour
Defining motivation: Explain the components of energy within motivation?
3 points
- Initiation is the starting of a behaviour
- Intensity of the amount of ressources expended to carry out the behaviour
- Persistence is the continuing of expenditure until the behaviour is completed
Defining motivation: Explain the components of direction within motivation?
Direction refers to the way a behaviour satisfies a particular goal
What is the 3 step process to achieve a goal?
3 points
- Choose your goal (not always a conscious process)
- Decide how you are going to achieve it
- Put your plan into action
Is a relatively new field of study in motivation that aims to make tedious tasks fun by making a game of it
Gamification
BLANK [551-479 BC] the founder of the philosophy known as BLANK , was a Chinese sage and teacher who spent his life concerned with practical moral values.
BLANK is an ethic that governs human relationships. An honorable person attains relational identity and becomes a relational self, one that is intensely aware of the presence of other human beings
Confucius, Confucianism
It does not matter how slowly you go, so long as you do not stop.
When it is obvious that the goals cannot be reached, don’t adjust the goals, adjust the action steps.
idea
What concept is this?
Confucius on motivation
What is hedonism?
1pt
The idea that humans are motivated to pursue pleasure and avoid pain
Current use of hedonism means seeking physical pleasures and has negative connotations but the Greeks viewed it differently.
Pleasures of the soul could come from three sources :
Who is this according to and what are the 3 sources? Give examples of these 3 sources
- According to Plato, in his work Republic
- Rational: Nothing quiet like a good book
- Spirited: This is outrageous. I want to speak to the manager
- Appetitive: Hey, lets get wasted
Argued that physical desires were not necessarily bad, and intellectual ones weren’t necessarily good.
Pursuits have costs. A drinking binge is fun but costs money and gives you a hangover.
Overindulging in anything detracts from the pleasure of the experience.
Who says this? Define the golden mean?
- Aristotle
- The golden mean is the idea that everything is best in moderation, over-indulging/any extreme is bad.
Attaining positive emotions and the absence of negative emotions. The focus is on the outcome.
What concept is this?
Hedonic happiness
Living a life that has meaning and allows you to strive for excellence. The goal is not to feel good but to be the best version of yourself that you can. Focus is on the content of your life and the process of living a meaningful life.
What concept is this? Narrow down the definition in your own words.
Eudaimonic (ancient Greek for “happiness”) happiness
- focus is more on the journey and process of life and finding meaning in that
What are the stoic’s 4 fundamental emotions?
4 pts
- Desire (epithumia)
- Fear (phobos)
- Pleasure (hedone)
- Pain (lupe)
