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PSY3109- Social Motivation > Lecture #2 > Flashcards

Lecture #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are core motives tied to, needs or wants?

A

motives are tied to needs

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2
Q

Physiological needs are driven by a…

A

State of deficiency

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3
Q

Need to regulate the body and maintain a stable internal environment.

What is this?

A

Homeostasis

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4
Q

Explain the following criteria for core motives:

  • Goal-oriented behaviour
  • General Applicability
  • Adaptive benefits
  • Essential for Well-being
  • Universal Presence
A
  • Goal oriented behaviour: core motives drive action towards specific goals
  • General Applicability: Core motives can influence behaviours across various settings

Adaptive benefits: Core motives promote health and survival

Essential for Well-being: unmet core motives can lead to physical and psychological pathology

Universal Presence: Core motives are found across all countries, cultures and languages

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5
Q

What theory is this:

Posits that people who achieve their goals for the right reasons will achieve better outcomes than others. Focuses on the quality of motivation instead of quantity.

What are 2 key criticisms?

3pts

A

Self determination theory

  • Motivations may not be different between humans and animals
  • Humans may need more than just 3 core motives
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6
Q

What are the 3 primary core motives/the right reasons to pursue a goal?

A

Autonomy: freedom to make their own decisions in life

Competence: Desire to feel effective, capable, and successful

Belonging: connecting with people and forming lasting positive interpersonal relationships

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7
Q

What is intrinsic motivation? What does it foster?

2pts

A
  • inherently interesting and enjoyable
  • Fosters creativity and autonomy because you are choosing to do this, no one is forcing you
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8
Q

What is extrinsic motivation?

Give an example.

2pts

A

Behavior for an external reason

Ex- going to work to receive a reward or avoid punishment

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9
Q

What are the 4 types of extrinsic motivation?

A

External regulation:
engaging in a behavior to obtain a reward

Introjected regulation: engaging in a behaviour out of obligation and to avoid feeling guilty or shame.

Identified regulation: engaging in a behaviour because you believe it to be beneficial and valued.

Integrated regulation: engaging in a behaviour because its part of their identity (aligns with their personal beliefs and values).

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10
Q

There is not a continuum of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, and we learn to be extrinsically motivated.

True or false.

A

False.
Correction: there is a continuum of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, and we learn to be intrinsically motivated

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11
Q

People who pursue goals of autonomy have higher self-esteem and well-being and less depression and anxiety than people who pursue goals like wealth, fame, or status.

True or False

A

True

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12
Q

The beliefs regarding the cause of a behaviour or outcome are called BLANK.

what theory is this regarding?

A

Attributions

Attribution theory

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13
Q

What are attributions? What two dimensions are most attributions made along?

A

Attributions: explanation/reasoning for why things happen

Dimensions:

  • Locus: Internal vs External
  • Stability: Stable vs Unstable
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14
Q

What are internal attributions, external factors, and locus of control?

What is a limitation of internal attributions?

4pts

A

Internal Attributions: Blaming yourself for successes or failures.

External Attributions: Blaming factors outside your control for successes or failures.

Locus of Control: Belief in your control over your life (internal) or external factors

Limitations of Internal Attributions: While internal attributions can be beneficial, they can also lead to feelings of guilt or regret when things go wrong, especially if the person believes they could have prevented the outcome.

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15
Q

The phenomenon where most people tend to overestimate the amount of autonomy they have in their lives.

-leads to higher amounts of control

What concept is this?

  • Healthy people hold BLANK BLANK

-Depressed patients have BLANK BLANK

Fill in the blank.

A
  • Illusion of control
  • positive illusions
  • Depressive realism
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16
Q

What happens when you loss autonomy?

When people feel that their freedom is being taken away they try to reassert their autonomy by doing the opposite of what they’re supposed to.

When autonomy is revoked and the person has no way to reassert it, they may accept being helpless.

What are these 2 concepts? Give an example of the first one.

A
  • Reactance
  • Ex: When parents set strict rules, teenagers might rebel by breaking those rules or engaging in risky behaviors.
  • Learned helplessness
17
Q

The benefits from BLANK only occur if BLANK is also present

A

competence, autonomy

18
Q

Competence—> Good vs. Bad Performance

Approach goal vs avoidance goal?

2pts

A

An approach goal focuses on on the desire to approach success

An avoidance goal focuses on the desire to avoid failure.

19
Q

Which is approach is more beneficial, learning approach goals or performance-avoidance approach goals?

Give examples of both.

A

Found that learning-approach goals were the most beneficial
Eg. “I want to do better than I have before.”

Performance-avoidance goals were the least beneficial.
“I don’t want to screw up in front of everyone.”

20
Q

BLANK belief theorists believe that traits and abilities are malleable and they can and do change over time.

BLANK belief theorist believe that traits and abilities are fixed and do not change dramatically over one’s lifetime.

Fill in the blank

A
  • Incremental
  • Entity
21
Q

Perception or belief about our ability to accomplish a particular task.

What concept is this?

Give an example or 2.

A

Self-efficacy

-“I can do this”

  • “I’m good at this”
22
Q

A subjective state in which people feel completely absorbed and focused on an activity. They are so immersed that they lose track of time, and forget other concerns like anxiety, stress, even hunger.

What concept is this?

A

Flow

23
Q

When our goals align with our self-concept, the more motivated we are to accomplish them and to do them well.

What concept is this?

A

Goal fusion

24
Q

Social Comparison theory:

What are the four motives for trying to evaluate ourselves?

  1. Motivation to enhance positive aspects of our self-concept and/or decrease negative ones “Well at least i’m not THAT guy”
  2. An accurate evaluation. Leads to diagnostic tasks.
  3. Motivation to improve our traits, abilities, and well-being
  4. We seek feedback that confirms what we already “know” about ourselves. Can lead to negative feedback loops.
A
  • Self- enhancement
  • Self-assessment
  • Self-improvement
  • Self- verification
25
Q

Define the following reactions to loss of competence?

  • Self-serving attribution bias
  • Self-handicapping
  • Excuse making
A

Self-serving attribution bias: We take credit for our successes but deny blame for our failures.

Self-handicapping: the tendency to create an external obstacle that blocks your own performance.

Excuse making: blaming something other than yourself for your failure, after the failure has occurred.

26
Q

The degree to which other people value interacting with us and having a relationship with us.

Define this ?

A

Relational value

PSY3109- Social Motivation (5 decks)

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