lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

properties of hormones

A
  • cell to cell communication molecules
  • binding to target receptor initiates cellular response
  • communication is eventually terminated
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2
Q

what is the half life of a hormone?

A

the time for [hormone] in the blood to reduce by 1/2

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3
Q

5 ways to classify hormones

A
  • source: where does it come from? (e.g. pancreatic hormones)
  • neuronal control of release?
  • receptor type
  • chemical type
  • function (e.g. reproductive hormones)
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4
Q

3 chemical classes

A
  1. peptide/protein
  2. steroid
  3. amine
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5
Q

Peptide/protein hormones characteristics

A

made in endocrine cells all over the body

made in advance and stored in vesicles for release

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5
Q

Steroid hormones characteristics

A

made from cholesterol

only made in adrenal cortex, kidney, skin, gonads, placenta

can’t be stored (lipophilic)

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5
Q

what type of hormones need a lot of SER

A

steroid hormones

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6
Q

Amine hormones characteristics

A

made in pineal, adrenal medulla, thyroid

mostly made from tyrosine

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6
Q

Steroid hormone: speed of response based on receptors

A

released by simple diffusion into blood –> transported bound to carrier proteins

  1. intracellular receptors= slow genomic response
    (regulates gene activity)
  2. membrane receptors= fast non-genomic response
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7
Q

2 types of amine hormones derived from tyrosine

A

-catecholamines (eg. adrenaline)
-thyroid hormones

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8
Q

gland=

A

collection of secretory cells

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9
Q

3 ways that hormones regulate cellular processes

A
  1. rate of enzymatic rxns
  2. transport of ions or molecules across cell membranes
  3. gene expression and protein synthesis
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10
Q

what does the cellular mechanism of action depend on?

A

-presence and location (membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus) of target receptors
-specific signalling pathway

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11
Q

The pituitary gland is

A

two glands fused together

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12
Q

the posterior pituitary is – tissue

A

neural tissue

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13
Q

what two neurohormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

A

vasopressin (ADH, antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin

14
Q

the anterior pituitary is —- tissue

A

endocrine

15
Q

what does the anterior pituitary secrete?

A

6 true hormones

16
Q

what is release of hormones from the anterior pituitary controlled by?

A

neurohormones from the hypothalamus

17
Q

the posterior pituitary is an…

A

extension of the brain
(it secretes neurohormones made in the hypothalamus)

18
Q

the anterior pituitary is a…

A

true endocrine gland

19
Q

portal circulatory system

A

specialized modification where two sets of capillaries are connected in series by a set of small veins