lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is homeostasis equilibrium?

A

no! homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

negative feedback system

A

the feedback reduces the initial stimulus to regain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

positive feedback system

A

the feedback enhances the stimulus and moves the system away from homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

example of a positive feedback loop
(labour)

A

stimulus= baby drops, presses on cervix
sensor= stretch receptors in cervix
integrating center= brain releases oxytocin
effector= smooth muscles of the uterus
response= increased contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

feedforward control

A

initiation of a response in anticipation of the stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

example of feedforward control

A

salivating at the thought or smell of food

increased ventilation at the beginning of exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

name the 10 systems

A
  1. circulatory
  2. digestive
  3. endocrine
  4. immune
  5. integumentary
  6. musculoskeletal
  7. nervous
  8. reproductive
  9. respiratory
  10. urinary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

circulatory system (structures and function)

A

structures= heart, blood vessels, blood

transports material between cells of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

digestive system

A

structures= stomach, intestine, liver, pancreas

conversion of food into particles that can be transported into the body, elimination of wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

endocrine system

A

structures= thyroid gland, adrenal gland

coordination of body function through synthesis and release of regulatory mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

immune system

A

structures= thymus, spleen, lymph nodes

defense against foreign invaders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

integumentary system

A

structures= skin

protection from external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

structures= skeletal muscles, bone

support and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

nervous system

A

structures= brain, spinal cord

coordination of body function through electrical signals and release of regulatory molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

reproductive system

A

structures= ovaries, uterus, testes

perpetuation of the species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

respiratory system

A

structures= lungs, airways

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the internal and external environment

17
Q

urinary system

A

structures= kidneys, bladder

maintenance of water and solutes in the internal environment, removal of waste

18
Q

lumen

A

the interior of hollow organs

19
Q

cytoplasm

A

the interior of cells

19
Q

explain the division of body’s fluid compartments

A

ICF intracellular fluid (2/3)

ECF extracellular fluid (1/3)

20
Q

2 components of the ECF

A

interstitial fluid= between the circulatory system and the cells

blood plasma= the liquid matrix of blood

21
Q

70kg male (60% water): explain division of liquid in liters

A

ECF (1/3)
- plasma 3L
- interstitial fluid 11L

ICF (2/3)
- 28L