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lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

ECM consistency

A
  • proteoglycans
  • insoluble protein fibres (collagen, laminin, elastin)
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2
Q

3 types of cell junctions

A

Gap junctions
Tight junctions
Anchoring junctions

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3
Q

Gap junctions

A

communicating junctions (between cytoplasms of adjacent cells)

proteins: connexin proteins

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4
Q

Tight junctions

A

occluding junctions. adjacent membranes are partly fused together to make a barrier

protein: claudin and occludin proteins

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5
Q

Anchoring junctions

A

anchor cells to each other or ECM. provides strength when tissue is under mechanical stress

protein: cadherin proteins

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6
Q

anchor junctions:
cell-cell
cell-ECM

A

desmosome= cell-cell
hemidesmosome= cell-ECM

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7
Q

4 major tissue types in the body

A

Epithelial
Connective tissue cells
Muscle
Neural

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8
Q

Epithelial tissue: function, cell types

A

protects internal environment of the body, regulates exchange of materials between internal/external environment

cell types: exchange, protective, ciliated, transporting, secretory

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9
Q

Connective tissue cells

A

provides structural support and physical barriers

  • found in extracellular matrix networs

cell types: blood cells, bones cells, fibroblasts

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10
Q

Muscle tissue

A

generates contractile force

cell type: smooth, skeletal, cardiac

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11
Q

Neural

A

Neurons –> information transfer (chemical/electrical)

Glial cells –> support for neurons

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12
Q

5 functions of epithelial cells

A
  1. exchange
  2. protective
  3. ciliated
  4. transporting
  5. secretory
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13
Q

what does the consistency of tissue depend on?

A

the type of tissue

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14
Q

6 types of connective tissue

A
  1. loose connective tissue
  2. dense connective tissue
  3. adipose tissue
  4. blood
  5. cartilage
  6. bone
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15
Q

what is the difference between loose and dense connective tissue?

A

loose= elastic tissue beneath the skin and between some cells

dense= provides strength and flexibility
(tendons and ligaments)

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16
Q

what 2 tissue types are excitable?

A

Muscle tissue and Neural tissue

(able to generate and transmit electrical signals. minimal extracellular matrix)

17
Q

cell membrane permeability

A

selectively permeable

transport depends on composition of lipid/protein

increased membrane cholesterol = decreased h2O permeability

18
Q

membrane permeability is directly correlated to

A

lipid solubility/molecular size

19
Q

facilitated transport of a substance

A

may require a channel or transporter

may require use of ATP

20
Q

different membrane transport mechanisms

A

Non faciliated transport
(simple diffusion)

Facilitated transport
–> protein mediated transport (channels, transporters)
active, passive

–> vesicular transport (endocytosis, exocytosis, phagocytosis)

21
Q

simple diffusion

A

directly across a phospholipid bilayer.
small lipophilic molecules

22
Q

facilitated diffusion is a type of

A

protein-mediated transport

23
Q

Fick’s law of diffusion

A

rate of diffusion is directly related to:

surface area x concentration gradient x membrane permeability

24
Q

membrane permeability equation

A

membrane permeability is directly related to lipid solubility/molecular size

25
Q

8 roles of proteins in the body

A
  1. structure
  2. enzymes
  3. membrane transporter
  4. receptors
  5. signal molecules
  6. binding proteins
  7. immunoglobulins
  8. regulatory proteins
26
Q

2 main types of protein-mediated transport

A

facilitated diffusion (passive)= down conc gradient

active transport (ATP input)= against conc gradient, system moves away from equilibrium

27
Q

Channels

A

facilitated diffusion, ALWAYS passive

selective: small molecules, water channels, ions channels

fast transport

can have gates

28
Q

Carriers or transporters

A

open to either one side of the membrane or the other

facilitated diffusion OR active transport

can be selective

slower than channels

29
Q

4 types of channels

A
  1. passive/leak channels
  2. voltage gated
  3. ligand gated
  4. mechanically gated
30
Q

what does channel selectivity depend on?

A

the diameter of the pore

the electrical charge of amino acids lining the pore

31
Q

3 types of carrier proteins

A

Uniport= one substrate in one direction

Symport= two substrate in one direction

Antiport= substrates in opposite directions

32
Q

Transcellular transport

A

transport through simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endo/exocytosis

ions or molecules cross both apical and basolateral membranes

33
Q

Paracellular transport

A

molecules pass between adjacent cells to get to or from lumen

regulated by the presence of tight junctions

205 (27 decks)

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