lecture 14- chemoreception and auditory system, sensory II Flashcards
Sensory receptor in olfactory system
= olfactory neuron (primary neuron)
What is olfaction
smell
olfactory cilia (dendrites) contain
odorant receptor proteins
and they project downwards into the mucous layer
axons project upwards though the —- in olfactory neurons
lamina propria and bone
the olfactory neurons synapse with the
secondary sensory neurons in the olfactory bulb
olfactory neurons only live in the olfactory epithelium for about
2 months, after that they are replaced by new neurons whose axons need to find a way into the olfactory bulb
what carries info to the olfactory bulb?
olfactory neuron axons (cranial nerve I)
the basal cell layer includes —- that replace olfactory neurons
stem cells
what must dissolve in the mucous layer?
odorant molecules
what do odorant receptors do once they enter the mucus layer and dissolve?
they bind to specific odorant receptors that are located on the cell membrane of dendrites
humans have about —- different odorant receptors
400
what are odorant receptors
GPCRs and they are all linked to specialized G proteins
each neuron expresses —- type of odorant receptor
only 1
combinations of activated receptors and neurons allow us to smell —– odors
about 5000
a perceived odor may involve a combination of —–
types of odorant receptors
signal transduction in the olfactory system
(how is an AP produced in 5 steps)
- odor molecule binds to a GPCR
- activated G protein (Golf) activates adenylyl cyclase
- adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP
- cAMP opens cyclic nucleotide-gated Na+ channels
- sufficient receptor potential produces an action potential at the axon hillock
explain why the olfactory system is linked with the limbic system and cerebral cortex
smell is linked with emotion and memory
does the olfactory pathway go through the thalamus?
NO!! the olfactory pathway bypasses the thalamus
explain the pathway of the olfactory system using anatomy
olfactory neurons in the olfactory epithelium
cranial nerve I
olfactory bulb
olfactory tract
olfactory cortex
–> the cerebral cortex and limbic system
gustatory system
taste
each taste bud= — taste cells
50-150