lecture 12- autonomic nervous system Flashcards
autonomic nervous system examples of organs
heart, GI tract, blood vessels
divisions of the autonomic nervous sysem
sympathetic (fight or flight)
parasympathetic (rest and digest)
sympathetic
fight or flight
parasympathetic
rest and digest
antagonistic control
one autonomic branch is inhibitory, one is excitatory and they can alternate depending on the task
nuclei are located
in the CNS
ganglia are located
outside the CNS
sympathetic neuron origins in the CNS
thoracic and lumbar
sympathetic ganglion location
close to spinal cord
sympathetic neuron lengths (1 and 2)
short preganglionic neuron
long postganglionic neuron
parasympathetic neuron origin in the CNS
cranial and sacral
parasympathetic ganglion location
on or close to target (further from spinal cord)
parasympathetic neuron lengths (1 and 2)
long preganglionic
short postganglionic
sympathetic: what postganglionic neurotransmitter is released
norepinephrine
parasympathetic: what postganglionic neurotransmitter is released
acetylcholine (ACh)
preganglionic neuron always releases
ACh in both pathways
muscarinic receptor
=GPCR bound by ACh
adrenergic receptor
GPCR bound by norepinephrine (found in sympathetic responses)
Ionotropic response
involves ion channels
excitatory because Na+ “wins”
Metabotrobic response
GPCR, slower
Variscosities
axon terminus turned into “balloons on a chain”
- can spit neurotransmitter out over a large region
-specialized tissue
Norepinephrine (NE) would be
sympathetic
adrenal medulla is known as
the secret sympathetic pathway to get epinephrine
adrenal gland consists of
adrenal cortex (outside)
adrenal medulla (inside)
chromaffin cells=
modified post ganglionic neurons “trapped in the hat”
-excitatory
-release epinephrine into blood stream
-acts anywhere there is a receptor for epinephrine or norepinephrine (adrenergic receptor)
