Lecture 5 Flashcards
If a pump is struggling, will the concentration of ATP increase or decrease?
Increase.
Where do hydrophobic amino acids tend to stay?
They tend to stay inside of a folded protein.
How do two or more amino acids interact? (3•)
•The amino group forms a peptide bond with the carboxyl group and •releases a water molecule. The •R group points in a different direction.
What are the ends of a polypeptide chain?
A free amino end and a free carboxyl end.
Primary structure of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids in a protein as a 2d representation.
Secondary structure of a protein?
Interactions between amino acids in a protein.
Tertiary structure of a protein?
A 3d representation of a secondary structure.
Quaternary structure of a protein?
Several individual polypeptides that interact with each other.
Which end for a polypeptide goes first?
The amino end.
How do polypeptides fold?
One big reason is the hydrophobic effects.
Alpha helix?
Beta sheet?
What contributes to polypeptide folding in tertiary structure?
Denaturation?
When a protein unfolds.
Why can’t a peptide bond freely rotate?
ResIf you have a lot of electronegative atoms, the lone pairs of each atom will get attracted to each other, but the distance would not favour this phenomenon, thus the lone pair of one of the atoms would form into a double bond.
Why are proteins flexible?
Because all atoms except those bonded via a peptide bond can rotate.
Primary structures uses what bonds?
Covalent bonds.
Secondary structures use what bonds?
H-Bonds
Why will proteins unfold?
When they are exposed to different conditions (high temp, high pH, and exposure to certain solvents)
Unfolding is the breakage of?
Non-covalent bonds
How does a bigger molecule affect protein folding?
More of that molecule won’t interact with the protein and will be susceptible to be pulled away.
What is the code of the -35 box?
AACTGT
