Lecture 2 Flashcards
Hydrophilic compounds are mainly polar or non-polar?
Polar since they can bond with water which is polar too.
Hydrophobic compounds are polar or non-polar?
Non-polar since they don’t have partial charge differences and cannot bond with water since it has partial charge differences.
What is a Hydrogen Bond? (2•)
•When hydrogen having a partial positive charge bonds with a partial negative atom (•typically N, O, F) that carries a long pair of electrons. The long pair is slightly shared with the hydrogen atom.
DeltaH is the measure of the change of energy in the surroundings or system?
Surroundings.
Do valence electrons have the highest or lowest energy?
They have the highest energy since they are farther away from the nucleus which is attracting them but they have the energy to repel that attraction.
Why are non-covalent interactions so important in life?
They are weaker than covalent bonds thus implying that they can be broken and formed easily.
Why is Ionic interactions weaker than covalent bonds?
Biological organisms are composed primarily of water which constantly dissolves ionic interactions.
Carbohydrate?
Amine Formula?
NH2
Amino Formula?
Carboxyl Group Formula?
COOH
Ketone formula?
Sulfhydryl formula?
R-SH
Methyl Formula?
CH3
What is the structure of an amino acid?
H
|
NH2 — C — COOH
|
R
Formula of Amino Group?
NH2
What type of bond are amino acids connected with each other to form a polymer?
Peptide Bond
To form a peptide bond, what must happen?
Nucleotides?
What are nucleotides composed of?
RNA vs DNA structurally?
Pyrimidines?
C, T or U
Purines?
Each adjacent pair of nucleotides is connected by which bond?
What ratio are carbohydrates made up by?
Lipids are identified as a physical property because?
What type of bond is a peptide bond?
Why do eukaryotes have a nucleus?
To keep the molecules inside the nucleus at a higher concentration gradient. Simple diffusion.
Hydrogen bonds requires both polar, or ionic and polar molecules?
Two polar molecules.
Are S-H bonds polar?
Yes, but a very weak polar bond.
Are ionic bonds are polar?
Yes
Functional groups?
An interaction that can cause a function (except H-C bonds).
Amphipathic?
Carbonyl group?
C=O
Amide group?
N-H
