Lecture 2

Question 1

Hydrophilic compounds are mainly polar or non-polar?

Answer 1

Polar since they can bond with water which is polar too.

Question 2

Hydrophobic compounds are polar or non-polar?

Answer 2

Non-polar since they don’t have partial charge differences and cannot bond with water since it has partial charge differences.

Question 3

What is a Hydrogen Bond? (2•)

Answer 3

•When hydrogen having a partial positive charge bonds with a partial negative atom (•typically N, O, F) that carries a long pair of electrons. The long pair is slightly shared with the hydrogen atom.

Question 4

DeltaH is the measure of the change of energy in the surroundings or system?

Answer 4

Surroundings.

Question 5

Do valence electrons have the highest or lowest energy?

Answer 5

They have the highest energy since they are farther away from the nucleus which is attracting them but they have the energy to repel that attraction.

Question 6

Why are non-covalent interactions so important in life?

Answer 6

They are weaker than covalent bonds thus implying that they can be broken and formed easily.

Question 7

Why is Ionic interactions weaker than covalent bonds?

Answer 7

Biological organisms are composed primarily of water which constantly dissolves ionic interactions.

Question 8

Carbohydrate?

Question 9

Amine Formula?

Answer 9

NH2

Question 10

Amino Formula?

Question 11

Carboxyl Group Formula?

Answer 11

COOH

Question 12

Ketone formula?

Question 13

Sulfhydryl formula?

Answer 13

R-SH

Question 14

Methyl Formula?

Answer 14

CH3

Question 15

What is the structure of an amino acid?

Answer 15

H
|
NH2 — C — COOH
|
R

Question 16

Formula of Amino Group?

Answer 16

NH2

Question 17

What type of bond are amino acids connected with each other to form a polymer?

Answer 17

Peptide Bond

Question 18

To form a peptide bond, what must happen?

Question 19

Nucleotides?

Question 20

What are nucleotides composed of?

Question 21

RNA vs DNA structurally?

Question 22

Pyrimidines?

Answer 22

C, T or U

Question 23

Purines?

Question 24

Each adjacent pair of nucleotides is connected by which bond?

Question 25

What ratio are carbohydrates made up by?

Question 26

Lipids are identified as a physical property because?

Question 27

What type of bond is a peptide bond?

Question 28

Why do eukaryotes have a nucleus?

Answer 28

To keep the molecules inside the nucleus at a higher concentration gradient. Simple diffusion.

Question 29

Hydrogen bonds requires both polar, or ionic and polar molecules?

Answer 29

Two polar molecules.

Question 30

Are S-H bonds polar?

Answer 30

Yes, but a very weak polar bond.

Question 31

Are ionic bonds are polar?

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

Functional groups?

Answer 32

An interaction that can cause a function (except H-C bonds).

Question 33

Amphipathic?

Question 34

Carbonyl group?

Answer 34

C=O

Question 35

Amide group?

Answer 35

N-H