Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is Cell Theory? (3•)
•All organisms are made up of cells in which •it’s the fundamental unit of life and •derives from other cells.
Presence of a Nucleus in Eukaryotes allows for?
The processes of transcription and translation to be separated in space and time.
Nucleoid?
The region of a Prokaryote that contains coiled DNA
Plasma/Cell Membrane
Made by phospholipids that separates the exterior and interior of the cell and controls what enters the cell.
Cell Wall?
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes?
•P: has ho membrane that surrounds cell’s DNA, E: has a membrane surrounding DNA.
•P: No energy producing organelles, E: A mitochondria as energy producing organelles.
•P: Transcription and translation occurs at the same time and location, E: Transcription and translation occurs at different times and locations.
•P: Processes occurs freely in the cytoplasm due to not having a membrane on its organelles, E: Processes occur in membraned organelles.
•P: Structural support relies on it’s exterior, E: Structural support relies on it’s interior.
•P: cannot perform endocytosis, E: Can perform endocytosis
•P: Much smaller, E: much larger because of motors that carry transported substances in great speeds.
The chemical compound of a Sterol?
Hydroxyl Group bonded to a four-ringed structure
Plasmids?
Small circular double stranded DNA separate from chromosomal DNA.
What is the function of a Plasmid?
To send genetic information to another individual.
A high surface area to volume implies?
The cell can maximize the amount of nutrients.
What causes high surface area? (2•)
•A more elongated shape and •being small.
Transcription?
Synthesis of RNA from the DNA template strand.
Translation?
Converts information from mRNA to Amino Acids.
A gene?
A DNA sequences that encodes genetic information that can be used to make a protein.
Progeny?
A descendant from the parent.
