lecture 5

Question 1

helper molecules to aid enzymes

Answer 1

coenzymes and cofactors

Question 2

inorganic chemical components that aid in a reaction, usually metal ions

Answer 2

cofactors

Question 3

complex organic molecules at aid in a reaction

Answer 3

conenzymes

Question 4

enzymes that use metal ions for catalysis are

Answer 4

metalloenzymes

Question 5

explain how metal ions work to help reaction

Answer 5

+ charged group

primary reactive group, form bridge involved in the binding of the substrate or they may stabilize the structure of the active enzyme

Question 6

the name of the enzyme and all of its cofactors

Answer 6

holoenzyme

Question 7

the protein component alone without cofactors

Answer 7

apoenzyme

Question 8

___ usually function as intermediate carriers of functional groups, atoms or electrons

Answer 8

coenzymes

Question 9

when a coenzyme is bound tightly to its enzyme

Answer 9

prosthetic group

Question 10

some important coenzymes

Answer 10

ATP
NADH
FADH

Question 11

ATP usually complexes with Mg or Mn. ATP hydrolysis leads to

Answer 11

ATP turning into ADP

donates phosphate

the + energy of this reaction causes other reactions to occur easier

Question 12

if you take two phosphate off ATP you create

Answer 12

AMP

Question 13

vitamins can be ___ or __ soluable

Answer 13

water -not stored-vitamin C

fat -can be stored (can be toxic if too much stored) Vitamin K

Question 14

sometimes an enzyme reaction is helped by ATP because ATP gives its ___ to the substrate

Answer 14

phosphate

Question 15

NADH function as a coenzyme in biological ____

Answer 15

catabolic

Question 16

thiamin, vitamin B1, tuns into TPP which is used in the reaction

Answer 16

of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pyruvate to Acetly CoA) (TTP is one of the 5 cofactors needed) (TPP, lipoamide, FAD+ NAD+ CoA)

As well as the transketolase catalyzed reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway

Question 17

riboflavin is precursor to the coenzymes

Answer 17

FMN and FAD

vitamin B2

Question 18

riboflavin is found in

Answer 18

eggs, meat, milk and cereal

vitamin B2

Question 19

in adult cats riboflavin deficiency symptoms are

Answer 19

cataracts and fatty liver

vit B2

Question 20

in dogs riboflavin deficiency symptoms are

Answer 20

anorexia, corneal lesions

vit B2

Question 21

vitamin niacin can be synthesized from ____ via ___ in ___ but not ___

Answer 21

amino acid tryptophan
nicotinic acid
dogs
cats

part of vitamin B complex

Question 22

vitamin niacin is a precursor to the two conenzymes

Answer 22

NAD
NADP

part of vitamin B complex

Question 23

deficiency of niacin
Symptoms are ___
treatment___

Answer 23

black tongue

anorexia
diarrhea
death

give balance diet
part of vitamin B complex

Question 24

NADH functions as a coenzyme in a large number of biological ___ reactions

Answer 24

oxidation-reduction

catabolic reactions (breakdown)

Question 25

NADPH is involved in ___ redox reactions

Answer 25

anabolic (synthesis-creating)

Question 26

thiamin is derived from a substituted ___ and a ___ which are couples by a methylene bridge

Answer 26

pyrimidine

thiazole

Question 27

thiamin is converted to its active form TTP by

Answer 27

thiamin diphosphotransferase

Question 28

thiamin deficiency in dogs leads to

Answer 28

reduced growth, anorexia, weight loss, periodic spasms and coma

Question 29

riboflavin also know as

Answer 29

vitamin B2

Question 30

___ and ___ work with flavoproteins that are also metalloenzymes and are involved in a wide range of redox reactions

Answer 30

FMN and FAD

riboflavin is the precursor of these coenzymes

Question 31

example of the role of NADPH is the synthesis of

Answer 31

cholesterol