Lecture 4- Mechanisms of Immune Cell Communication Flashcards
Mechanisms of immune cell communication
Pattern-recognition receptors, cytokines, chemokines, major histocompatibility complex, comlement
What is a PAMP
pathogenic-associated molecular pattern. Antigen that is recognized as foreign
What is a DAMP
Damage-associated molecular pattern. Molecules released from damaged host cells
What are PRRs
Pattern Recognition Receptors
What do PRRs recognize
DAMPs and PAMPs
What triggers inflammation
Binding of the PRRs to a DAMP/PAMP
Cascade of reactions after PRR binding
Inflammation –> Interferon production –> Sickness –> Adaptive immune response
What is a type of PRRs
Toll-like receptor
Where are toll-like receptors found
On the surface and inside of innate immune cells
Toll like receptors on the surface detect…
bacteria
Toll like receptors on the inside detect…
viruses
What component does TLR4 detect
LPS
What component does TLR5 detect
flagella
Proteins produced in the hundreds to control immune response
cytokines
Proteins that communicate between immune cells and non-immune cells
Cytokines
Autocrine
cytokines bind to same cell
Paracrine
Cytokines bind to nearby cell
Endocrine
Cytokines bind to distant cell
Pleiotropic cytokines can
activate different kinds of cells
Redundant cytokines are many cytokines…
that do the same thing
Synergistic cytokines act…
with other cytokines to accomplish a task
Antagonistic cytokines…
Prevent the binding of other cytokines
Different types of cytokines
Interleukins, interferons, and chemokines
What produces interferons
Viral infected cells
Examples of pro-inflammatory cytokines
IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma
True or false: Chemokines can attract or repel
False, they can only attract
Example of a chemokine
IL-8
What triggers neutrophil extravasation
IL-8 (chemokine)
What is a cytokine storm
Too many cytokines, leads to tissue damage and organ failure
What is a cytokine agonist (to stop activity)
IL-1RA (Interleukin 1 receptor agonist)
What is signal transduction
An extracellular signal becoming an intracellular signal
