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Immunology > Lecture 2- Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Lecture 2- Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Cells of the innate immune system in order of prevelance

A

Never let monkeys eat bananas.
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

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2
Q

The first phagocytic cell to attack and destroy bacteria

A

Neutrophils

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3
Q

What do Neutrophils use to kill invaders

A

Hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite ions, bactericidal granules

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4
Q

Where are Neutrophils mobilized from

A

Bone marrow

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5
Q

Appearance of Neutrophils

A

Granular cytosol
Segmented nucleus

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6
Q

Innate immune cell that moves quickly, but lacks stamina

A

Neutrophil

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7
Q

Which proteins mediate Neutrophil extravasation

A

Selectin (L-selectin and P-selectin slow Neutrophil by binding) and Integrin (expressed by neutrophil to stick to blood vessel)

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8
Q

What mechanism allows Neutrophils to kill invaders

A

Phagocytosis

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9
Q

Stages of phgocytosis

A
  1. Phagosome formation (cell membrane fuses around microbe
  2. Lysosome fusion (creates phagolysosome
  3. Respiratory Burst (secretion of antimicrobials to destroy microbe)
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10
Q

What is used if a microbe is too large to be phagocytized?

A

NETosis- DNA filaments hold microbe in place, anti-bacterial compounds are secreted

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11
Q

What do Macrophages secrete to kill bacteria?

A

Nitric oxide

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12
Q

Where do macrophages mobilize from?

A

Tissue

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13
Q

Which is more powerful- Neutrophil or Macrophage

A

Macrophage

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14
Q

Which damages tissue and which repairs it? Macrophage or Neutrophil

A

Macrophage repairs tissue
Neutrophil destroys tissue

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15
Q

Where are Monocytes found

A

CIrculation

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16
Q

What do Monocytes differentiate into

A

Macrophages or dendritic cells

17
Q

Macrophage activate: M1 vs M2

A

M1 destroys bacteria using nitric oxide
M2 Repairs tissue and removes dying cells

18
Q

What are Innate Lymphoid cells

A

Present constantly
Do not need to be induced by antigen exposure
Activated through nonclonal receptors
Functional before T cells are available

19
Q

Do ILC generate memory cells

A

No

20
Q

What is an innate, cytotoxic cell

A

Natural Killer Cell

21
Q

What do Natural Killer Cells contain

A

Perforin and granzyme

22
Q

Do Natural Killer Cells require activation to become cytotoxic

A

No

23
Q

What types of invaders to Natural Killer cells primarily target?

A

Tumors and viruses

24
Q

Mast cell defense mechanism

A

Degranulation

25
Q

Where are Mast cells usually located

A

under the tissue surface

26
Q

Which Innate Immune cells are specialized for parasitic worms

A

Mast cells and Eosinophils

27
Q

Which innate immune cell is possibly anti-tick

A

Basophil

28
Q

Which innate immune cells are correlated with allergies?

A

Mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils

29
Q

Which innate immune cell is attracted by Mast cell products

A

Eosinophils

Immunology (14 decks)

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