Lecture 2- Innate Immunity Flashcards
Cells of the innate immune system in order of prevelance
Never let monkeys eat bananas.
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
The first phagocytic cell to attack and destroy bacteria
Neutrophils
What do Neutrophils use to kill invaders
Hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite ions, bactericidal granules
Where are Neutrophils mobilized from
Bone marrow
Appearance of Neutrophils
Granular cytosol
Segmented nucleus
Innate immune cell that moves quickly, but lacks stamina
Neutrophil
Which proteins mediate Neutrophil extravasation
Selectin (L-selectin and P-selectin slow Neutrophil by binding) and Integrin (expressed by neutrophil to stick to blood vessel)
What mechanism allows Neutrophils to kill invaders
Phagocytosis
Stages of phgocytosis
- Phagosome formation (cell membrane fuses around microbe
- Lysosome fusion (creates phagolysosome
- Respiratory Burst (secretion of antimicrobials to destroy microbe)
What is used if a microbe is too large to be phagocytized?
NETosis- DNA filaments hold microbe in place, anti-bacterial compounds are secreted
What do Macrophages secrete to kill bacteria?
Nitric oxide
Where do macrophages mobilize from?
Tissue
Which is more powerful- Neutrophil or Macrophage
Macrophage
Which damages tissue and which repairs it? Macrophage or Neutrophil
Macrophage repairs tissue
Neutrophil destroys tissue
Where are Monocytes found
CIrculation
What do Monocytes differentiate into
Macrophages or dendritic cells
Macrophage activate: M1 vs M2
M1 destroys bacteria using nitric oxide
M2 Repairs tissue and removes dying cells
What are Innate Lymphoid cells
Present constantly
Do not need to be induced by antigen exposure
Activated through nonclonal receptors
Functional before T cells are available
Do ILC generate memory cells
No
What is an innate, cytotoxic cell
Natural Killer Cell
What do Natural Killer Cells contain
Perforin and granzyme
Do Natural Killer Cells require activation to become cytotoxic
No
What types of invaders to Natural Killer cells primarily target?
Tumors and viruses
Mast cell defense mechanism
Degranulation
Where are Mast cells usually located
under the tissue surface
Which Innate Immune cells are specialized for parasitic worms
Mast cells and Eosinophils
Which innate immune cell is possibly anti-tick
Basophil
Which innate immune cells are correlated with allergies?
Mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils
Which innate immune cell is attracted by Mast cell products
Eosinophils
