lecture 4: language development

Question 1

define the term language

Answer 1

comprehension and use of words and sentences to convey ideas and information which can be spoken, wirtten or signed

Question 2

what is communication?

Answer 2

the transimssion of information between the source and receive using a signaling system.

Question 3

is language uniquely human?

Answer 3

not necessarily- evidence of animals such as monkeys understanding and using symbols to communicate with humans using symbols to request e.g. kanzi

Question 4

what is chomsky’s views of language?

Answer 4

believes that our brain before we ae born are designed to learn language.

Question 5

humans and animals share what but not what

Answer 5

they share a broad sense of language e.g. facial movement but they do not share narrow sense of language such as pramatics and grammar.

Question 6

what are the four components of language?

Answer 6

phenology, semantics, synatx and pragmatics

Question 7

what is pehnology

Answer 7

units of speecg sounds that might exist in a language.

Question 8

what is a phoneme?

Answer 8

smallest block of language

Question 9

what are the semantics?

Answer 9

concerned with meaning- including words and word combinations.

Question 10

phonemes dont convey… but together…

Answer 10

dont convey meaning but together create a word that then carries the meaning.

Question 11

babies learn what type of word the fastest?

Answer 11

nouns- by 18m babies mostly just say nouns.

Question 12

what is a morpheme?

Answer 12

smallest unit of linguistic meaning or function e.g. sheep, dog = sheepdog.

Question 13

word learning biases

Answer 13

whole object constraint

Question 14

what is shape bias

Answer 14

generalise to other objects that are the same shape rather than other attributes.

Question 15

what is barrett’s multi-model?

Answer 15

kds over and under generalise word meaning.

Question 16

what is syntax?

Answer 16

the structure of sentences

Question 17

what is the gleitmans syntactic boot-stripping hypothesis?

Answer 17

sensitive to syntactic and semantic correspondences from ealry age- extract meanings.

Question 18

how do we test for language development

Answer 18

observational studies of spontaneous speech and atificial language in experiments.

Question 19

development of synatx at 18-24m?

Answer 19

2-word stage: move from word-gesture combinations to word-word combinations.

Question 20

24m synatx development

Answer 20

longer utterances and increasing grammar

Question 21

4 years syntax development

Answer 21

increasing complex grammar e.g. adding a plural s and past tense ed

Question 22

what is pragmatics?

Answer 22

knowing how to use language approapriately in social situations.

Question 23

what are the three aspects of pragmatics?

Answer 23

1. using language for different purposes.
2. changing language according to the needs of listener or situation.
3. following rules for conversations and storytelling.

Question 24

production: 10-12m

Answer 24

first word.

Question 25

production: 12-18m

Answer 25

one word stage

Question 26

production: 18m

Answer 26

50 words

Question 27

production: 18-22m

Answer 27

50-300 words mainly nouns and adjectives.

Question 28

atypical development

Answer 28

can understand language but struggle to produce it

Question 29

if their is a mild delay in langiage… long term delay in language

Answer 29

support to catch up with peers, if long term delay= direct and specific intervention

Question 30

what did st clair et al 2010 suggest about the development of DLD/SIL

Answer 30

that language ability develops parallel to TD but the ability is consistently lower than TD

Question 31

stern 1995 and 1998 suggested a constellation facilitated what

Answer 31

proposed this idea of a motherhood constellation, creates an emotional environment that allows a mutually satisfying dialogue.

Question 32

what type of communication did fogel and garvey 2007 propose

Answer 32

alive communication- new and meaningful gestures and expressions such as tickling a baby.

Question 33

what is the language acquisition device?

Answer 33

perceives regularities in the utterances that a child can hear.

Question 34

challenging chomsky, messer 1994 proposed the nurture perspective of speech which is?

Answer 34

showed how children preferred A-C speech as it is higher pitch and simpler, suggests a interaction with there environment is preferred.

Question 35

what is tomasello’s verb island hypothesis

Answer 35

that by 2 years old children have a repotoire of verbs

Question 36

fernyhough 2008 proposed what about his daugher athena

Answer 36

that she was intuned with his speech