Lecture 2- face perception Flashcards
visual acuity
define visual acuity
measure how clearly a person can see.
visual acuity is poor…
but…
- at birth
- bur rpaid increase in first 6 months and by 1yr near adults level.
first month in visual scanning infants focus on…
the edges of an object
visual scanning
by 2 months infants can…
focus on internal features
colour vision
newborns are able to distinguish between what colours
white and red.
what is an example of a preference test?
Fantz- tiem psent looking at different patterns- comparison
colour vision
around what month are newborns able to look at bold and bright colours
1 month.
what is a preference test?
present the newborn 2 stimuli at the same time and emasure which one the infant looks the longest at.
what is a habituation test?
show child over and over the same stimulus until they get bored and then another stimuli- if they are interested then it suggests that they can see a difference in the images.
conditioning as a test
reward target behaviour e.g. sucking, when tey habituate they may decrease sucking but if sucking increases then they can distinguish between two images.
what is the nativism approach to facial recognition?
the special perceptual process is organised at birth
empirical view of facial recognition
perceive faces as they perceive other objects it is just specialised due to experience.
what did Maurer and Barrera add to Fantz’s study
added controls for complexity
what did Goren et al change from Fantz original study
used moving stimuli stimuli instead of static so they moved the paddle in an arc over the infants field
findings
findings of goren et al’s study?
the infants did in fact track the schemtatic face over the other two even though it was moving.
johnson et al
johnson et al studied… and found that by…
studied newborns and found that by 3 months they could no longer track.
what are the 2 different processes in the 2 process model?
CONSPEC and CONLERN
definition
define CONSPEC
each system biases infants to orient towards faces
define CONLERN
take over by a more mature system which then leads to more pecise recognition later on in life.
Pascalis et al found that…
preference for mothers face is removed when infant can not longe see the hairline.
Tutari et al backed up Pascalis et al with what sudy
showed infants images of internal features of their mothers faces and exterior features of their mothers face.
Found that newborns recognised the outer features
what is meant by the conept of a narrowing perceptual window
as we get older our face percpetual skills become specialised.
what study from Pascalis et al provided evidence for a narowing percpetual window
found that at 6m infants could discriminate between monkey and human faces and then by 9m they could only discriminate between human faces.
quinn et al discovered what about discrimination and recongition in infants
effect of exposure to primary caregiver- so if they were female infants preferred female faces but if the caregiver was a male than infants preferred male faces
how long do psychologists suggest that it takes for facial recognition to fully mature
30 + years
early maturation process
what is general cognitive development theory
face perception matures early and our performance beacuse our cognitive abilities improve- quantitative change.
what is face specific perceptual developmental theory (late maturation)
ongoing mechanisms that continue to develop into adulthood- face perception gets better with time due to increased exposure in the environment- qualitative change
what is some support for the early maturation process in facial recognition
recent research showed that adult-like mechanisms in place in 4-5 year olds.
evidence for late maturation hypothesis
evidence for late maturation hypothesis
Susilo et al, gathered 2000 18-33 yr olds, controlled for bases and found a positive association between age and facial recognition abilities.
williams syndrome- impact upon facial recognition
process unfamiliar faces atypically and prolonged face gaze
prosopagnosia
face blindness- damage or abnormalities in right fusiform gyrus0 can be congenital
what did sangrigoli et al 2005 find that contradicted kelly et al 2005’s study?
korean adults adopted between the ages of 3-9 year olds into caucasian families were more accurate in identifieing the differences in facial expressions between caucasians.
how did susilo et al (2013) support the late maturation
positive association between age and facial recognition abilities.
the two processes for facial percpetion who created them?
johnson and morzon 1991
