Lecture 2- face perception

Question 1

visual acuity

define visual acuity

Answer 1

measure how clearly a person can see.

Question 2

visual acuity is poor…
but…

Answer 2

• at birth
• bur rpaid increase in first 6 months and by 1yr near adults level.

Question 3

first month in visual scanning infants focus on…

Answer 3

the edges of an object

Question 4

visual scanning

by 2 months infants can…

Answer 4

focus on internal features

Question 5

colour vision

newborns are able to distinguish between what colours

Answer 5

white and red.

Question 6

what is an example of a preference test?

Answer 6

Fantz- tiem psent looking at different patterns- comparison

Question 7

colour vision

around what month are newborns able to look at bold and bright colours

Answer 7

1 month.

Question 8

what is a preference test?

Answer 8

present the newborn 2 stimuli at the same time and emasure which one the infant looks the longest at.

Question 9

what is a habituation test?

Answer 9

show child over and over the same stimulus until they get bored and then another stimuli- if they are interested then it suggests that they can see a difference in the images.

Question 10

conditioning as a test

Answer 10

reward target behaviour e.g. sucking, when tey habituate they may decrease sucking but if sucking increases then they can distinguish between two images.

Question 11

what is the nativism approach to facial recognition?

Answer 11

the special perceptual process is organised at birth

Question 12

empirical view of facial recognition

Answer 12

perceive faces as they perceive other objects it is just specialised due to experience.

Question 13

what did Maurer and Barrera add to Fantz’s study

Answer 13

added controls for complexity

Question 14

what did Goren et al change from Fantz original study

Answer 14

used moving stimuli stimuli instead of static so they moved the paddle in an arc over the infants field

Question 15

findings

findings of goren et al’s study?

Answer 15

the infants did in fact track the schemtatic face over the other two even though it was moving.

Question 16

johnson et al

johnson et al studied… and found that by…

Answer 16

studied newborns and found that by 3 months they could no longer track.

Question 17

what are the 2 different processes in the 2 process model?

Answer 17

CONSPEC and CONLERN

Question 18

definition

define CONSPEC

Answer 18

each system biases infants to orient towards faces

Question 19

define CONLERN

Answer 19

take over by a more mature system which then leads to more pecise recognition later on in life.

Question 20

Pascalis et al found that…

Answer 20

preference for mothers face is removed when infant can not longe see the hairline.

Question 21

Tutari et al backed up Pascalis et al with what sudy

Answer 21

showed infants images of internal features of their mothers faces and exterior features of their mothers face.
Found that newborns recognised the outer features

Question 22

what is meant by the conept of a narrowing perceptual window

Answer 22

as we get older our face percpetual skills become specialised.

Question 23

what study from Pascalis et al provided evidence for a narowing percpetual window

Answer 23

found that at 6m infants could discriminate between monkey and human faces and then by 9m they could only discriminate between human faces.

Question 24

quinn et al discovered what about discrimination and recongition in infants

Answer 24

effect of exposure to primary caregiver- so if they were female infants preferred female faces but if the caregiver was a male than infants preferred male faces

Question 25

how long do psychologists suggest that it takes for facial recognition to fully mature

Answer 25

30 + years

Question 26

early maturation process

what is general cognitive development theory

Answer 26

face perception matures early and our performance beacuse our cognitive abilities improve- quantitative change.

Question 27

what is face specific perceptual developmental theory (late maturation)

Answer 27

ongoing mechanisms that continue to develop into adulthood- face perception gets better with time due to increased exposure in the environment- qualitative change

Question 28

what is some support for the early maturation process in facial recognition

Answer 28

recent research showed that adult-like mechanisms in place in 4-5 year olds.

Question 29

evidence for late maturation hypothesis

evidence for late maturation hypothesis

Answer 29

Susilo et al, gathered 2000 18-33 yr olds, controlled for bases and found a positive association between age and facial recognition abilities.

Question 30

williams syndrome- impact upon facial recognition

Answer 30

process unfamiliar faces atypically and prolonged face gaze

Question 32

prosopagnosia

Answer 32

face blindness- damage or abnormalities in right fusiform gyrus0 can be congenital