Articles For For Lecture 2. Flashcards
Fantz (1961):
What is the nativist perspective of vision?
The infant has a wide range of innate visual capacities and predictions.
Fantz: the empiricist suggest what about vision
The infant learns to see and what to use, he sees only by trial and error or association.
Fantz: what study using chicks argued for the innate perspective of vision
The subjects pecked 10 times oftener at the sphere than they did at the pyramid. Conclusive evidence that the chuck has an innate ability to perceive shape, 3d and size.
Griffey and Little (2014) found evidence of what
Babies prefer attractive faces over unattractive faces and we track eye fixations.
Sugita (2009) suggested what us unclear around face preference?
Whether it is based on nonspecific biased jn newborns visual system that happen to respond maximally to faces of or whether the underlying mechanism are stimulus specific.
Simion et al found what in regards to face preference?
Face preference in terms of nonspecific biases including a bias to look at the greater number of elements in the upper visual field. Top-heavy bias.
The development of face processing is often explained in terms of what 2 processes.
Activity dependent and experience dependant.
What is experience expectant
Depend on exposure to certain experiences occurring over a particular period of time.
Turati et al (2006): suggests that at birth infants are able to what?
Acquire and retain some visual information embedded in a face that allows recognition after a brief retention interval.
The authors concluded that in order to recognise the mother newborns use what?
The outer features of the face.
How did the authors use a habituation phase to study what parts of faces newborns use for recognition?
Used an observer native to watch the videotapes of eye movements that we coded by another, watching if they actually looked at stimulus or moved eyes.
What was the results of the habituation task ran by the authors of taturi et al 2009 paper?
Found that fixation were singlificantly lower with outer features. Outer and inner features alone provide sufficient information in order for face recognition to take place inn newborns.
The evidence gathered contradicted…
Pascalis et al revealing newborns failure to accomplish a more demanding task, name,y the detection I of the perceptual invariance of the mother with and without hair
Bushnell 2003 found that regarding newborns and mothers.
Found that when adding a wig to the appearance of the mothers face, this disrupted newborns preference for their mother.
The lack of recognition response observed in inner features condition suggests
That configurable processing played a major role in newborns recognition.
Crookes McKone 2009- face-specific perceptual development theory proposes…
That an important contributing factor is the ongoing development of the mechanisms.
What is the general cognitive development theory?
Face perception is mature in early childhood and that all development just reflects improvement in general cognintive me mechanism.
What is face space
A multi dimensional space in which dimensions code physical properties differentiating faces each individual is a point, the centre point is the average face.
What is the other-race effect
Face space dimensions are tuned to suit the most frequently observed face type.
Pascalis et al (2011) said facial information can be organised into two major categories what are they?
Face traits and face states.
Pascalis et al (2011) said facial information can be organised into two major categories what are they?
Face traits and face states.
Bruce and young introduced a step wise model…
Categorising faces according to race, gender and at an early stage of structural
Encoding
Kelly et al found what about 3 m old infants
That both Chinese and Caucasian prefer loooking at their own races rather than other race faces.
What is the encoding switch hypothesis
The idea that befoer 10ths of age rely on isolated features and the. When 10 yrs and older rely on configuration jnfirmation.
Kuefner et al observed changes linking to what area of the brain
The N100 which may be contaminating the N170 supporting m none and crookes that face processing is well developed in childhood.
Otsuka et al used the hemodynamic response to measure what in the brain?
5-8m olds were watching upright or inverted faces the infrared pectroscoph. Found that upright faces created a different signal but not inverted.
