Lecture 4 Flashcards
What is period?
the time (in seconds) to complete a cycle
What is frequency?
cycles per second (Hz)
What is the equation for period?
P=1/f
What is the equation for frequency?
F=1/P
What is the term for when amplitude decreases over time?
damping
Molecules that are together tightly are in a state of?
compression
Molecules that are more spread out are in a state of?
rarefaction
What happens with waves that are in phase?
They crest and trough at the same time
What happens with waves that are out of phase?
they crest adn trough at diffferent times
What happens when you add waves together that are out of phase?
they cancel each other out
What happens when you add waves together that are in phase?
They come together creating a wave with a higher amplitude
What is an example of an energy source that sets the source of vibration into motion?
respiration
What is an example of a vibrating source that creates a disturbance?
the vocal folds
What is an example of a medium that transmits the distrubance
air in the vocal tract
What is the lowest frequency of a complex periodic sound?
the fundamental frequency
In periodic complex waves all harmonics are whole number multiples of what?
the fundamental frequency or H1 (harmonic 1)
What is a waveform?
representation of time on teh x-axis and amplitude on the y-axis showing how the overall amplitude of a complex wave varies over time
What is a spectrum?
frequency on the x-axis and amplitude on the y-axis, it shows the amplitude of each harmonic or frequency component. It only shows a single time slice and is obtained by Fourier analysis
What is an aperiodic wave?
a soudn that has random vibration and no repeatable pattern
What is an example of an aperiodic wave?
clappling hands together once
What is pitch?
a listener’s perceptual response (mainly) to frequency
What is the range of hearing in a yound healthy adult?
20-20,000 Hz
What are the range of requencies that are most important for perceiving speech?
100-8,000 Hz
What is a phon?
a unit of equal loudness
What is the speed of sound in air?
344 m/s
At what decible level is approaching the pain threshold?
120 dB
What is a dyne?
a measure of energy
