Clicker Questions Lectures 1-4 Flashcards
Boyle’s Law: When the chest wall expands, volume of the lungs increases, alveolar pressure (blank) and air flows (blank) to the lungs.
decreases
in
The peural linkage attaches the (blank) to the (blank)
lungs
ribs
The interosseous portion of the internal intercostal smuscle is active during
expiration
The ratio of inspiration to expiration for rest breathing is (blank), while the ratio is (blank) during breating for speech.
40-60
10-90
Quiet breathing often requires the use of accessory inspiratory muscles of the neck, chest, abdomen and back
True or False?
False
Which of the following is an important abdominal muscle of expiration?
Transverse abdominis
Vital capacity it (blank)
the amount of air exchanged during maximal exhalation followed by a maximal inhalation
Resting lung volume is
the percent of vital capacity at which the forces of lung collapse are equaled by the forces of chest wall exapansion which occurs at 38-40% of VC
True or False? On the pressure relaxation curve, one can see that if a speaker took a very deep breath (for example 90% VC), there would be considerable pressure on the chest wall to collapse
True
At high lung volumes, pressure on teh chest wall to collapse during speech is counteracted by (blank)
gradual relaxation of the muscles of inspiration (checking action)
The Typical respiratory position for speech and singing is (blank)
to keep the abdominal wall held inward (contracted), thereby elongatin the diaphragm and thoracic expiratory muscles, permitting rapid contraction
One of the major biological functions of the larynx is to
protect the respiratory system from food and liquid
Elasticity means that a body is capable of being deformed (stretched, compressed, ect) and then (blank)
returning to its normal configuration
During vocal fold vibration, (blank) is typically a forced to close, while (blank ) is a forrce to open
the Bernoulii Forc
True or False?
During vocal fold vibration, the action of the muscles of adduction alternate with the action of the muscles of abduction to maintain the vibratory motion of the vocal folds
true
True or False?
Although longer and more massive the vocal folds vibrate more slowly than shorter and less massive vocal folds, raising pitchin an individual speaker is achieved primarily through stretcing the vocal folds
true
The true vocal folds are made up of the vocal processes of the arytenoids cartilages, the epithelial cover, the vocal ligament and the (blank)
thyrovocalis muscle
Vocal folds that are abdcted are (blank)
open
The muscles of medial compression are the (blank) and the (blank)
lateral cricoarytenoids
interarytenoids
True or False?
The periodic wave produced by the vocal fold vibration is complex becasue the different vibratory movements of the three layers of lamina propria and the tyrovocalis muscle.
True
The laryngeal spectrum consists of (blank)
The fundamental frequency plus whole-number multiples of the fundamental frequency
The primary muscles of pitch elevation are the _______________, but they can be supplemented by the action of the ___________________.
cricothyroids
The primary muscles of pitch lowering are the (blank) but they can be supplemented by teh actio nof the (blank)
thyromuscularis muscles
infrahyoids
increased intensity requires increased
subglottal pressure
For loud voices (high intensity), the closed phase of the glottal cycle is (blank) compared to soft voices (low intensity)
longer
Two of the important muscles of the pharynx are the (blank) and the (blank)
middle constrictors
stylopharyngeus
Two muscles that open the velopharyngeal port during speech are the (blank) and the (blank)
palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus
Two extrinsic muscles of the tongue the styloglossus and the palatoglossus, move the back (posterior) part of the tongue up and back but only (blank) extrinsic muscle moves the tongue up and forward
genioglossus
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) is characterized by all of the following except
a patttern of vibration that can be graphically represented as a complex wave
As the tine of a vibrating tuning fork moves toward its rest position, the (blank) increases
force of inertia
Amplitude of vibration initally depends on teh amount of force applied to the oscillator; but if no additional force is appliaed to the oscillator the vibration will become (blank)
damped
As a vibrating body moves AWAY from its rest position and toward teh point of maximusm displacement, its elasticity or tendency to resist deformation
increases
If the period of a sound wave is 0.5 ms, what is its frequency?
2,000 Hz
As the motion of an oscillator is conveyed to the air molecules surroundin git, the wave travels (is propagated) as periods of (blank)
compression and rarefaction
True or False
A single air molecule can travel for hundreds of yards in response to the movement of an oscillator
false
If two waves with the same frequency are 180 degrees out of phase, the resulting sound would be (blank)
silence
Periodic complex waves contain
multiple frequencies that are harmonically related
The fundamental frequency of a tone with harmonics at 300 Hz, 450 Hz, and 600 Hz is (blank)
150 Hz
A line spectrum is different from a waveform in that (blank)
a. the line spectrum shows the amplitude of frequency components, while the waveform does not
the waveform shows each harmonic component, while the line spectrum does not
the waveform shows changes over time, while the line spectrum does not
both A and C
both A and C
Intensity is converted to dB by (blank)
comparing the intensity of the observed sound to a reference sound, taking the log of the ratio and multiplying by 10
The Phon Scale shows (blank)
how listeners’ percetions of intensity differ from actual measures of intensity
in order to calculate wavelength, one needs to know (blank)
the speed of sound