Clicker Questions 10/1 and 10/8

Question 1

1. The wavelength of high-frequency sounds is longer than the wavelength of low-frequency sounds.

A. True

B. False

Answer 1

False

Question 2

2. A resonator resonates patterns of frequencies, not just a single frequency, assuming the input into the resonator is a complex periodic wave.

A. True

B. False

Answer 2

True

Question 3

3. In human speakers, the input into the supralaryngeal vocal tract is ________.

A. a sine wave

B. a complex aperiodic tone

C. the laryngeal spectrum

D. noise

Answer 3

laryngeal spectrum

Question 4

4. For vowel sounds in English, the supralaryngeal vocal tract can be modeled as a ___________.

A. a tube that is closed at one end

B. a tube that is open at both ends

C. a tube that is closed at both ends

D. a sphere

Answer 4

a tube that is closed at one end

Question 5

5. In order for a particular frequency to resonate in a tube that is closed at one end, there must be a __________ at the closed end of the tube and a______________ at the open end of the tube.

A. pressure extreme, velocity extreme

B. velocity extreme, pressure extreme

Answer 5

A. pressure extreme, velocity extreme

Question 6

6. A node is a point of maximum ___________________, and antinode is a point of maximum _________________.

A. frequency, amplitude

B. high frequency, low frequency

C. pressure, velocity

D. velocity, pressure

Answer 6

D. velocity, pressure

Question 7

7. For a tube closed at one end, the length of the tube equals __________ the wavelength of the resonant frequency of the tube.

A ½

B. ¼

C. 1/3

D. 1/10

Answer 7

B. 1/4

Question 8

8. Which of the following is the correct equation?

A. L = ¼ λ

B. L = 4λ

C. L = f x λ

D. λ = L x f

Answer 8

A. L=1/4(lamda)

Question 9

9. The resonant frequency of a tube closed at one end is the __________ frequency the tube will resonate.

A. only

B. highest

C. lowest

Answer 9

C. lowest

Question 10

10. In addition to its resonant frequency, a tube that is closed at one end will also resonate harmonics at _________________________.

A. whole-number multiples of the resonant frequency

B. even-numbered multiples of the resonant frequency

C. odd-numbered multiples of the resonant frequency

D. half-band multiples of the resonant frequency

Answer 10

C. odd-numbered multiples of the resonant frequency

Question 11

1. For a tube closed at one end, the length of the tube equals __________ the wavelength of the resonant frequency of the tube.

A ½

B. ¼

C. 1/3

D. 1/10

Answer 11

B. 1/4

Question 12

. The resonant frequency of a tube closed at one end is the __________ frequency the tube will resonante.

A. only

B. highest

C. lowest

Answer 12

C. lowest

Question 13

3. In additions to its resonant frequency, a tube closed at one end will also resonate frequencies with wavelengths of _____________ the length of the tube.

A. whole-number multiples of

B. ¼, 2/4, ¾, 4/4, etc.

C. ¼, ¾, 5/4, 7/4, etc.

D. 2/4, 4/4, 6/4, 8/4, etc.

Answer 13

C. ¼, ¾, 5/4, 7/4, etc.

Question 14

4. An easier way to determine the resonances of a tube closed at one end is to multiply the first resonant frequency (R1) by _________________________.

A. whole numbers

B. odd numbers

C. even numbers

Answer 14

B. odd numbers

Question 15

5. In a “neutral” male vocal tract, the first resonant frequency (R1) would be at approximately _______________.

A. 100 Hz

B. 125 Hz.

C. 200 Hz.

D. 500 Hz

Answer 15

D. 500 Hz

Question 16

6. Using the rule we established above, a resonant frequency (R1) of 500 Hz means that a tube closed at one end has its second and third resonant frequencies (R2 and R3) at _________ and _____________.

A. 1500, 2500 Hz

B. 1000, 2000 Hz

C. 1000, 1500 Hz

D. 750, 1500 Hz

Answer 16

A. 1500, 2500 Hz

Question 17

7. As the tongue and jaw move, changing the size and shape of the oral cavity and pharynx, the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract change. In particular, the first resonant frequency (or formant, F1) varies with _____________________.

A. front vs. back oral cavity constriction

B. oral cavity length

C. pharyngeal cavity size and mouth-opening

D. fundamental frequency

Answer 17

C. pharyngeal cavity size and mouth-opening

Question 18

8. Formant frequencies are ___________________.

A. another name for the fundamental frequency of a phonation

B. fixed vocal tract resonances

C. all the harmonics of the laryngeal spectrum

D. variable vocal tract resonances that characterize different vowels

Answer 18

D. variable vocal tract resonances that characterize different vowels

Question 19

9. In a “neutral” male vocal tract, the formant frequencies would be at _______________.

A. 100, 200 and 300 Hz.

B. 150, 300 and 450 Hz.

C. 506, 1519, and 2531 Hz.

D. 1000, 1500 and 2550 Hz

Answer 19

C. 506, 1519, and 2531 Hz.

Question 20

10. According to the Source-Filter Theory, the source and the filter _____________.

A. are directly related: as the source frequency increases (the speaker’s fundamental frequency goes up), the filter resonant frequencies increase (formants increase in frequency)

B. are indirectly related: as the source frequency increases (the speaker’s fundamental frequency goes up), the filter resonant frequencies decrease (formants decrease in frequency)

C. are sometimes directly and sometimes indirectly related, depending on the vowel

D. are independent of one another

Answer 20

D. are independent of one another