Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is Speech Science?
Study of :
anattomy and physiology of speech production
processes by which speech is perceived
What will we study about the respiratory system?
students demonstrate the ability to apply basic anatomical and physiological concepts relating to
What do we study about the phonatory system
demonstrate the ability to apply basic anatomical and physiological concepts relating it and to normal aspects of phonation adn speech
What will we study about the articulatory system?
The sudent will demonstrate teh ability to apply basica natomical and physiological concepts relating to the articulatory system to normal aspects of speech
According to Boyle’s Law what kind of pressure is ther when the lungs expand?
it creates a negative pressure in the lungs
What happens during inhalation?
air flows into the lungs equalizing pressure
According to Boyle’s law what happens when there is exhalation?
the collapse of the lungs creates a positive pressure
What is the skeletal structure of teh respiratory system?
Vertebral Column
Pectoral Girdle
Sternum
Ribs
Pelvic Girdle
What are teh parts of the Pectoral Girdle?
scapulae
clavicle
What are the parts of the ribs?
they join to the vertebral column at the back
upper ribs join sternum at fron via cartilage
lower (floating) ribs connect to vertebrae only
What are the parts of the pelvic girdle?
Illium
Ischium
Pubis
What connects the lungs to the rib cage and diaphragm?
The pleural linkage
What muscles are:
important in elevating/ moving the lungs?
the most superficial muscle?
run downward toward the sternum?
What muscles when contracted aids in inhalation?
external intercostal muscles
What muscle is needed for inhalation?
external intercostal muscles
What muscles
run downward away from the sternum?
connect both osseous and cartilaginous portions of ribs
internal intercostal muscles
What do the interosseus portions of the internal intercostal muscles do?
lower and compress rib case
Exhalation
What do the interosseus portion sof the internal intercostal muscles do?
exhalation
What do the interchodral portions of the internal intercostal muscels do?
raise and expand the rib cage
ihalation
What do the interchondral portions of the internal intercostal muscles do?
inhalation
What part of the barin sends commands to the inspiratory muscles for quiet breathing?
the medulla
What happens when the diaphragm contracts?
the thoracic cavity exapnds vertically downward
What is the percentage of breath needed for inspiration of speech breathing?
10%
What percentage of speech breathing is needed for expiration?
90%
What are the accesory muscles of inspiration?
Serratus posterior superior
levator costarum longus
levator costarum brevis
serratus posterior inferior
quadtratus lumborum
What are the percentages of inspiration and expiration needed for quiet breathing?
40% inhalation
60% expiration
What are the abdominal muscles of expiration?
transverse abdominis
internal oblique abdominis
external abdominal oblique
rectus abdominis
What do the muscles of expiration do?
work to compress abdominal viscera
What is tidal volume?
the amount of air exchanged (in and out) during a cycle of quiet breathing
What is vital capacity?
the amount of air exchanged in maximum inspiration and maximun expiration
What is risidual volume?
the amount of air left in the lungs after teh maximum possible exhalation.
** because of pleural linkage there will always be some air left in the lungs**
What is the total lung volume?
vital capacity + residual volume
What is the resting lung volume?
percent of vital capacity at which the forces of lung collapse are equaled by the forces of chest wall expansion occuring at ~38-40% of VC (vital capacity)
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
the amount of air that can be inhaled from RLV
What is expiratory reserve volume?
amount of air that can be exhaled from RLV
What is the formula for vital capacity?
IRV + ERV
At what lung volumes does the chest wall want to passively collapse at?
55% VC and greater
At what lung volumes does the chest wall want to passively expand at?
55% VC and less
At what percentages VC does the respiratory system balance at?
Why does this happen?
38-40% VC
Because at this level the forces of lung collapse and the forces of chest wall expansion equal each other
What happens when there is increased subglottal pressure?
there is an increase in intensity
What muscles help to raise the Ps (subglottal pressure)?
internal intercostal muscles
With greater what? Comes greater intensity?
subglottal pressure
