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Class 3 > Lecture 34: Male Reproductive System - Pelvis and Perineum > Flashcards

Lecture 34: Male Reproductive System - Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the gonads?

A

the organs where gametes are produced

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2
Q

What are the male gonads called and what do they produce?

A

testes producing spermatozoa

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3
Q

What are the female gonads called and what do they produce?

A

ovary producing oocytes

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4
Q

What is coitus?

A

sexual intercourse

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5
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

the formation of an embryo due to the fusion of gametes during coitus

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6
Q

What bones make up the pelvis?

A

the ileum, pubis, ischium, sacrum, coccyx

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7
Q

Which is always open, the pelvic inlet or pelvic outlet?

A

pelvic inlet

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8
Q

What is the pelvic outlet closed by?

A

muscles

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9
Q

Which is bigger, the pelvic inlet or the pelvic outlet?

A

the pelvic inlet

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10
Q

The pelvis may be divided into what two parts?

A 
the true (lesser) pelvis
the false (greater) pelvis
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11
Q

What does the true pelvis enclose?

A

it encloses the pelvic cavity

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12
Q

Describe the false/greater pelvis

A
  • superior region
  • above the pelvic inlet
  • contains the GI tract
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13
Q

Describe the true/lesser pelvis

A
  • inferior region
  • between the inlet and outlet
  • contains the internal reproductive organs
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14
Q

What is the pelvic brim?

A

the bony margin of the true pelvis

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15
Q

What is the pelvic inlet enclosed by?

A

the pelvic brim

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16
Q

What is the pelvic outlet?

A

the opening bounded by the coccyx, the ischial tuberosities and ischial spines, and the inferior border of the pubic symphysis

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17
Q

How do the female and male pelvis differ?

A

the female has a broader subpubic angle with an oval shaped inlet and a straighter coccyx whereas the male pelvis has a narrower subpubic angle with a heart a heart shaped inlet and a curved coccyx

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18
Q

The pelvic outlet is closed over by which layer of muscles?

A

pelvic floor/pelvic diaphragm

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19
Q

The pelvic floor/pelvic diaphragm is made up of what two muscles?

A

the levator ani and coccygeus

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20
Q

What are the openings in the pelvic floor?

A
  • urethra
  • anal canal
  • vagina (females only)
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21
Q

What are the two triangles that make up the perineal region?

A

urogenital triangle

anal triangle

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22
Q

Where is the male perineum? What does it include?

A

the region inferior to the pelvic floor and between the upper region of the thighs and it includes the external genitalia and anus

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23
Q

What is inside the urogenital triangle?

A

urethral opening; external genitalia

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24
Q

What is inside the anal triangle?

A

anal canal and fat

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25
Q

Which is anterior, the anal canal or the urogenital triangle?

A

the urogenital triangle

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26
Q

Internal reproductive organs are found in the cavity enclosed by the ________ pelvis

A

true/lesser

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27
Q

The external genitalia is found in the _________ triangle of the perineal region

A

urogenital

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28
Q

Openings in the male pelvic floor include the urethra and _________

A

anus

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29
Q

Openings in the female pelvic floor include the urethra, ________ and _________

A

vagina

anus

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30
Q

What is the function of the male reproductive system?

A

to produce spermatozoa and to transport it into the female reproductive tract

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31
Q

What is the male reproductive system made up of?

A

the testes
the reproductive tract/duct
accessory structures and glands

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32
Q

What are the testes surrounded by?

A

a sac of skin known as the scrotum

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33
Q

What is produced in the testes?

A

spermatozoa

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34
Q

Once produced in the testes, where does the sperm get transported to?

A

the epididymis

35
Q

The epididymis can be split into what three sections?

A

the head, body, tail

36
Q

What occurs in the epididymis?

A

Sperm maturation

37
Q

Once the sperm are mature, the sperm leave the epididymis and they move into the

A

ductus deferens

38
Q

What occurs in the ductus deferens?

A

sperm storage

39
Q

Where does the ductus deferens travel?

A

it is a muscular tube running through the spermatic cord up through the inguinal canal into the pelvic cavity, posterior to the bladder

40
Q

What does the ductus deferens widen to form?

A

the ampulla

41
Q

Where is the ampulla located and what does it produce?

A

it is located laterally/adjacent to the seminal vesicle

it produces components of the seminal fluid

42
Q

What two ducts form the ejaculatory duct?

A

the ducts from the end of the ampulla and the seminal vesicle

43
Q

What does the ejaculatory duct open into?

A

the prostatic urethra

44
Q

From the ejaculatory duct, where does the sperm travel?

A

into the prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy/penile urethra

45
Q

What does the scrotum contain?

A

two testes, two epididymides, two spermatic cords each with a part of the ductus deferens

46
Q

Where is the spermatic cord located?

A

superior to the testes, up through the inguinal canal

47
Q

What does the spermatic cord contain?

A

the first part of the ductus deferens, arteries, veins forming the venus plexus, nerves

48
Q

What three things are produced in the testes?

A

sperm
testosterone
inhibin

49
Q

What are the testes surrounded by?

A

dense fibrous capsule called the tunica albuginea

50
Q

The tunica albuginea form _______ which forms segments/parts of the testes known as the ____________

A

septa

lobules

51
Q

What is found in the lobules of the testes?

A

seminiferous tubules

52
Q

What occurs in the seminiferous tubules?

A

spermatogenesis

53
Q

The seminiferous tubules join to form the _______

A

rete testes

54
Q

What joins the rete testes with the epididymis?

A

efferent ductules

55
Q

What cells produce testosterone?

A

interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells

56
Q

What cells produce inhibin?

A

Nurse (Sertoli) cells

57
Q

What do interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells produce?

A

testosterone

58
Q

What do nurse (Sertoli) cells produce?

A

inhibin

59
Q

What are spermatogenic cells?

A

spermatogonia and spermatozoa at various stages of development

60
Q

What is the purpose of myoid cells?

A

transporting the sperm to the rete testes

61
Q

Where are interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells found?

A

inside the tubules

62
Q

Where are nurse (Sertoli) cells found?

A

in the tubules

63
Q

The seminiferous tubules is continuous with what?

A

the ductus deferens

64
Q

Sperm enter the epididymis from the ______ _____ and exit via the _______ ________

A

seminiferous tubules

ductus deferens

65
Q

The ductus deferens is continuous with the

A

epididymis

66
Q

What does the ductus deferens start with?

A

the spermatic cord

67
Q

What is the ductus deferens covered by?

A

smooth muscle

68
Q

Where are sperm stored until ejaculation?

A

in the ejaculatory sphinctor

69
Q

What happens is sperm is not removed during ejaculation?

A

it is removed in the urine

70
Q

What are the ejaculatory ducts formed from?

A

the unions of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla

71
Q

What does the ejaculatory duct open into?

A

the prostate urethra

72
Q

What are the two main functions of the male urethra?

A

urination and ejaculation

73
Q

What are the epithelium changes in the male urethra?

A

transitional, columnar, stratified squamous

74
Q

What are the three sections of the male urethra?

A

prostatic
membranous
penile/spongy

75
Q

What are the two sphincters of the urethra?

A

external and internal

76
Q

What controls the external sphincter and what does this control?

A

the skeletal muscle is used for the voluntary control of urination

77
Q

What controls the internal urinary sphincter and what does this control?

A

the detrusor muscle for involuntarily control

78
Q

What happens to the sphincters during ejaculation?

A

the external sphincter remains open and the internal sphincter closes so that the sperm ejaculated does not go into the bladder

79
Q

What is retrograde ejaculation?

A

when the internal urinary sphincter does not close and so sperm ends up in the bladder

80
Q

Spermatogenesis occurs in the ___________ within the testes?

A

seminiferous tubules

81
Q

From the seminiferous tubules, the sperm travel into the _____, the _______, the ejaculatory ducts and finally the ________

A

epididymis
ductus deferens
urethra

82
Q

The urethra is divided into three regions” the prostatic urethra, the ________ urethra and the penile/spongy urethra

A

membranous

83
Q

What are sperm stem cells known as?

A

spermatogonia

84
Q

Describe the development of sperm in the seminiferous tubule:

A

Each tubule contains spermatogonia, spermatocytes at various stages of meiosis, spermatids, sperm and nurse cells. As spermiogenesis proceeds, the spermatids gradually develop into mature sperm. At spermiation, a sperm loses its attachment to the nurse cell and enters the lumen of the seminiferous tubule

Class 3 (41 decks)

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