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Class 3 > Lecture 14: An Overview and the Upper Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Lecture 14: An Overview and the Upper Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the respiratory system?

A

to deliver warm, clean, moist air to the site of gas exchange

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2
Q

What are the key structures of the URT?

A

nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx

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3
Q

The whole of the respiratory tract is lined with

A

mucosa

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4
Q

What is mucosa?

A

A layer of epithelium attached via a basement membrane to underlying connective tissue (lamina propria)

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5
Q

What is the epithelium along most of the conduction region (nasal cavity, part of the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi)?

A

Respiratory epithelium

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6
Q

What is the epithelium where food and air travel?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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7
Q

What is the epithelium at the site of gas exchange?

A

simple squamous epithelium

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8
Q

What is the epithelium required for olfaction?

A

olfactory mucosa

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9
Q

What is olfaction?

A

Sense of smell

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10
Q

Describe respiratory epithelium

A

it is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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11
Q

What is the role of the goblet cells?

A

to produce mucus

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12
Q

What is the role of mucus?

A

to trap debris and moisten air

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13
Q

What is the role of the cilia on the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

A

to move the mucus that has caught the debris towards the pharynx so it can be swallowed and digested by the stomach acid

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14
Q

What is the nose made of and why?

A

Mainly cartilage so it is soft and flexible and to have a patent/unobstructed airway

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15
Q

What are the nostrils called?

A

external/anterior nares

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16
Q

What is the place called in your nose where you can stick your finger?

A

Vestibule

17
Q

Describe the vestibule:

  • what is it lined with
  • is there hair? If so, what is it called?
  • what gland(s) are there?
A
  • skin
  • yes (vibrassae)
  • sweat and sebaceous glands
18
Q

The roof of the nasal cavity is formed by what two bones?

A

ethmoid, sphenoid

19
Q

What is the floor of the nasal cavity formed by?

A

hard and soft palates

20
Q

What are the conchae?

A

three projections pushing into the nasal cavity

21
Q

What are the conchae covered in?

A

respiratory epithelium

22
Q

What is the role of the conchae?

A

swirl air to allow for more time to warm and moisten the air and for olfactory detection

23
Q

Where is the olfactory cortex?

A

area on the roof of the nasal cavity

24
Q

Why does the air need to be warmed?

A

To allow for more efficient gas exchange

25
Q

How is the air warmed?

A

The lamina propria have veins which can dilate when it is cold to transfer heat to the air

26
Q

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

27
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

Muscular funnel shaped tube shared by both the digestive and respiratory systems

28
Q

What travels through the nasopharynx?

Because of this, what epithelium lines it?

A

air only

respiratory mucosa

29
Q

Where is the nasopharynx?

A

posterior to the nasal cavity from the posterior nares to the soft palate

30
Q

What is the role of the soft palate and the uvula in the nasopharynx during swallowing?

A

Prevent food from entering the nasal cavity

31
Q

What is the role of the auditory tubes and where are they?

A

They drain here from the middle ear and they are in the nasopharynx

32
Q

What travels through the oropharynx?

Because of this, what epithelium lines it?

A

air and food

stratified squamous epithelium for protection against abrasion

33
Q

Where is the oropharynx?

A

posterior to the oral cavity from the soft palate to the hyoid bone

34
Q

What travels through the laryngopharynx?

Because of this, what epithelium lines it?

A

air and food

stratified squamous epithelium for protection against abrasion

35
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx?

A

from the hyoid bone to the beginning of the oesophagus

36
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses

A

they are air filled cavities surrounding the nose.

37
Q

Where are the paranasal sinuses found?

A

within the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones

38
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses lined with?

A

respiratory mucosa

39
Q

What are the 4 fuctions of the paranasal sinuses?

A
  • lighten skull
  • increased surface area to clean, warm and moisten the air
  • sound resonance
  • infected mucus can block drainage which means the sinuses are blocked

Class 3 (41 decks)

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