Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Class 3 > Lecture 29: The Nephron > Flashcards

Lecture 29: The Nephron Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types if nephrons called?

A
  • cortical

- juxtamedullary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of nephron is the most abundent?

A

cortical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The name of nephrons is determined by what?

A

The location of the renal corpuscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are the cortical nephrons located?

A

in the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are the juxtamedullary nephrons located?

A

the renal corpuscle is in the cortex, next to the renal medulla but they extend deep into the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which type of nephron is important for making concentrated urine?

A

juxtamedullary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three functions of the nephron?

A
  • selectively filter blood
  • return anything to be kept to the blood
  • carry waste waste away for storage and expulsion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Each nephron is comprised of what three things?

A
  • a glomerular capsule
  • renal tubules
  • a collecting duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Each nephron is associated with what two capillaries?

A
  • a glomerulus (glomerular capillaries)

- peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The glomerulus/glomerular capillaries are specialised for what?

A

filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The wall of the glomerulus/glomerular capillaries is comprised of what type of epithelium?

A

fenestrated endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glomerulus/glomerular capillaries are fed and drained by what, and why?

A

arterioles (afferent and efferent)

in order to be able to control the pressure and flow of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Peritubular capillaries are specialised for

A

absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do peritubular capillaries wrap around?

A

renal tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Peritubular capillaries carry filtered blood from what?

A

the efferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The peritubular capillaries receive reabsorbed filtrate from the ________ and can secrete into the ________

A

nephron

nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The peritubular capillaries have extensions called _______ _______ which are located where?

A

vasa recta

deep in the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vasa recta are only found in which type of nephron?

A

juxtamedullary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What two things make up the renal corpuscle?

A

the glomerulus/glomerular capillaries and the glomerular capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The renal corpuscle is where the _____ and _______ meet and it the site of _________ ________

A

nephron
capillary
filtration barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the first part of the nephron called?

A

the glomerular capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The glomerular capsule is made up of what two layers? What cells are these two layers made of?

A
  • Outer parietal layer of simple squamous epithelium

- inner visceral layer of podocytes

23
Q

What is between the visceral and parietal layer of the glomerular capsule?

A

the capsular space

24
Q

What is the purpose of the capsular space?

A

It is where what we take out goes first

25
Q

Podocytes form the ______ layer of the glomerular capsule. These cells have branches which form intertwining foot processes called ______

A

visceral

pedicels

26
Q

What are filtration slits?

A

gaps in between the pedicels

27
Q

Where does the filtration barrier lie?

A

between the glomerulus/glomerular capillaries and the capsular space

28
Q

What is the purpose of the filtration barrier?

A

to allow free passage of water and small molecules such as glucose and salts but to restrict the passage of most proteins and red blood cells

29
Q

The filtration barrier is made up how many layers?

A

3

30
Q

What are the layers that make up the filtration barrier?

A
  • fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillary
  • fused basement membrane
  • filtration slits between the pedicels of the podicytes
31
Q

Urine =

A

filtered - reabsorbed + secreted

32
Q

After the glomerular capsule, what is the second part of the nephron called?

A

the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

33
Q

Where does the bulk reabsorption take place?

A

in the PCT

34
Q

Where is the PCT located?

A

in the cortex

35
Q

What is the PCT surrounded by?

A

peritubular capillaries

36
Q

What is the structure of the PCT?

A
  • cuboidal epithelial cells
  • dense microvilli (brush border) on the luminal membrane
  • highly folded basolateral membrane
  • many mitochondria for active transport
  • leaky epithelium
37
Q

What is the third part of the nephron called?

A

nephron loop

38
Q

Where is the nephron loop located?

A

in the medulla

39
Q

What is the nephron loop surrounded by?

A

the vasa recta (in juxtamedullary nephrons only)

40
Q

What are the four parts of the nephron loop called and what epithelium is located here?

A
  • thick descending limb: like the PCT
  • thin descending limb: simple squamous epithelium
  • thin ascending limb: simple squamous epithelium
  • thick ascending limb: like DCT
41
Q

The different areas of the nephron loop have different permeabilities to

A

water and sodium

42
Q

What is the fourth part of the nephron called?

A

distal consulted tubule (DCT)

43
Q

What is the structure of the DCT?

A
  • cuboidal epithelium but thinner that the PCT
  • few microvilli so no brush border
  • fewer mitochondria
44
Q

Reabsorption in the DCT is mainly regulate by what hormone?

A

aldosterone

45
Q

What is the fifth part of the nephron called?

A

the collecting duct

46
Q

Filtrate from several DCTs drain into one collecting duct which empty at the _______

A

papilla

47
Q

Describe the structure of the collecting duct

A
  • wall of simple cuboidal epithelium
48
Q

Reabsorption in the collecting duct is mainly regulate by what hormones?

A

ADH and aldosterone

49
Q

What are two different cuboidal cells in the collecting duct and what is the role of these two different cells?

A

principle cells: reabsorption

intercalated cells: acid/base balance

50
Q

Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) located?

A

where the DCT lies against the afferent arteriole (looping around)

51
Q

What are the specialised cells in the DCT that make up the JGA?
What are they and what is their role?

A

macula densa cells

these are chemoreceptors that detect Na (and therefore H2O levels)

52
Q

What are the specialised cells in the afferent arteriole that make up the JGA?
What are they and what is their role?

A

juxtaglomerular cells

these are mechanoreceptors which can detect blood pressure

53
Q

What does the JGA control the rate of?

A

glomerular filtration rate, ensuring the system is working at full capacity to stabilise blood pressure

Class 3 (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions